Identify and briefly explain three fundamental motives for

Identify and briefly explain three fundamental motives for European involvement in Africa. n Economic Motives: n n n Industrialized nations sought: n Raw materials n Natural resources n A cheap labor supply n New marketplaces for manufactured goods Religious: to spread the benefits of Christianity and Western Culture Political: competition fuel by Nationalism, Empire Building

Identify material improvements brought by European rule to Africa. n Material improvements: n Transportation and communication n RR and Telegraphs n Hospitals n Sanitation and water systems n Formal education system (western)

Identify ways in which European rule disrupted traditional African culture n n n n n New political systems: direct and indirect rule New Economic Pattern: money economy, cash crops, taxes, economic dependence, lack of diversity migrant workers, chibaro = breakdown of Family New attitude towards land: ownership Racism Christianity Artificial boundaries westernization Generalization: change and breakdown of traditional values and organizations

Closure: How did trade contribute to the rise of strong African Kingdoms? Trade = wealth = strong armies = expand empire = maintain trade routes and benefit from diffusion

Kingdoms and Trading States n Make sure you can match the Kingdoms and Trading States with its description (use chart) Ghana n Mali n Songhai n East African City-States n Zimbabwe n

Vocab n n n lineage consensus subsistence farmer Polygamy age-grade bride wealth Animism Triangle Trade Middle Passage abolition African Diaspora n n n n Scramble for Africa Berlin Conference David Livingstone King Leopold II Cecil Rhodes direct rule indirect rule