ICTs to Reduce Energy Consumption GHG Emissions Cairo

ICTs to Reduce Energy Consumption & GHG Emissions Cairo, 2010 -11 -02 Richard Labelle (rlab@sympatico. ca), Consultant, ITU Sam Gouda, Creara International, Consultant, ITU (sgouda@crearaintl. com)

OBJECTIVES • Outline role of ICTs in reducing energy consumption & limiting GHG emissions • Opportunities for using ICTs for this in Egypt in the built environment: - Identify the role of ICT in EE & GHG reduction in Egypt (rapid assessment) - Study applicable & viable EE measures in buildings (analyze 2 buildings) - Assess role of ICTs for smart grid and DSM in Egypt

EARTH ! WE HAVE A PROBLEM • Most energy comes from fossil fuels: coal & oil - Pollution & GHG emissions - Subsidized in Egypt & in many non OECD countries - Subject to C tax? Investors are wary! • Energy demand could outstrip fossil fuel production - We use ~ 3 CMO/yr in 2010 ~ 9 CMO by 2050 if BAU - If BAU (i. e. 2. 6%/yr): E use in next 50 years = 3 x E use in past 150 yrs - If eco scenario (grow & green): E use in next 50 yrs = 2 x E use in all of 20 th Century Crane, H. D. , E. M. Kinderman & R. Malhotra. 2010. A cubic mile of oil. Realities and options for averting the looming global energy crisis. Oxford University Press, New York, 297 pp.

EARTH ! WE HAVE A PROBLEM • Rising CO 2 levels: global tipping point - If > 2 % warming Possible irreversible change! - Melting of Greenland ice sheet Large scale weather system shifts Collapse of global current system Release of natural GHG stores (CH 4, etc. ) • Only technologies with sufficient capacity for lasting increases in E supply - Solar (thermal) & wind - Nuclear - Both will take several years to ramp up to meet present demand, let alone future demand (See Cubic mile of oil)

POWER AVALABILITY The Challenges Power Availability • Can we catch up with the increased demand?

POWER AVALABILITY The Challenges Power Availability • How much blackouts are you personally willing to take? • What effect lack of electric power will have on economic development? • Example from experience in another country • History lessons learnt from Egypt Technical Idea: Sam Gouda & Nader Tadros; Artistic Idea: Golo

GLOBAL SOLUTIONS • Energy efficiency - Needed everywhere • Energy conservation - For industrialized countries now - For developing countries via tech transfer / IDA • Pricing carbon • Cleantech R&D - USD 162 B in 2009 to USD 200 B in 2010 - A global Green Growth Marshall Plan - Agreement on plan & funding at COP 16, COP 17, etc.

ENERGY EFFECIENCY – WHY IMPORTANT? Segar, C. 2009. International energy co-operation and global energy security. International Energy Agency (IEA). Session on “Ensuring the sustainability of energy supply chain”, Conference on Strengthening Energy Security in the OSCE area, Bratislava, 6 – 7 July 2009. . Power. Point presentation. http: //www. osce. org/documents/eea/2009/07/38666_en. pdf

ENERGY EFFECIENCY – WHY MAKES SENSE? Technical Idea: Eman Mandour & Nader Tadros; Artistic Idea: Golo

BACKGROUND The Challenges GHG Emissions 1. Electricity Generation is the Largest contributor of GHG emissions - 33% 2. Transportation is second 27. 2% 3. Industry is Third 27% Source: http: //unfccc. int/resource/docs/natc/egync 2. pdf

ICT – GREATEST IMPACT • ICTs can have the greatest impact : - Energy generation, transmission/distribution and use: - Smart grids – integrate alternative E; Efficient - On the use side: in controlling variable rate motors (smart motor systems) - Smart buildings, smart industrial processes - Smart logistics & transportation - Dematerialization - Smart cities: bringing it all together in a sustainable human ecosystem • 40 % of energy consumption comes from buildings (commercial & residential) - HVAC & lighting • 75 % of the people live in cities

National Information Society Agency, Korea.

THE ROLE OF ICT Take DSM Further Smart Grid Applications • Applying sensing, measurement and control devices with two-way communications to electricity production, transmission, distribution and consumption • Link grid condition to system users, making it possible to dynamically respond to changes in grid condition. • Includes an intelligent monitoring system that keeps track of all electricity flowing in the system • Capability of integrating renewable electricity such as solar and wind 13

THE ROLE OF ICT What Does a Smart Grid Do? Three Categories Delivery Optimization Demand Optimization Asset Optimization Improve the efficiency and reliability of the delivery systems. Empower the end consumer to reduce consumption Manage the evolving demand supply equation along the distribution feeder Application monitoring and diagnostic technologies to help manage the health, extend the useful life and to reduce the risk of catastrophic failure of electrical infrastructure. 14

SMART GRID MODEL …http: //www 1. eere. energy. gov/solar/segis. html

SMART GRID BENIFITS - Reliability - Security against (cyber) attacks / disasters - Ease of repair (remote repair) - Increased info to consumers about E use - Increased E efficiency - Integration of alternative energy resources - Integration of plug-in vehicles - Reduction of peak demand (demand side management) - Lower capital costs than alternative energy - Significant ROI: according to EIA

Key technologies for the smart grid

SMART GRID – ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT From Ge. Si Smart 2020 report. OECD. 2009. Smart Sensor Networks: Technologies and Applications for Green Growth. Dec. 2009. OECD, Paris, 48 pp.

SMART GRID – CO 2 REDUCTION POTENTIAL From Ge. Si Smart 2020 report. OECD. 2009. Smart Sensor Networks: Technologies and Applications for Green Growth. Dec. 2009. OECD, Paris, 48 pp.

Potential Solutions – Energy Efficiency Scope of energy efficiency: examples Buildings Technical Measures • Lighting retrofit – T 8, T 5, Electronic Ballasts, LED technology • Reduce Run Time of Major HVAC equipment • Demand Controlled Ventilation • Lighting Controls – Timers and occupancy controls • Enthalpy Economizer • Day Lighting • Chilled / Condenser Water Reset • Lighting Reconfiguration • Convert CAV Air Handling System to VAV • Energy-Efficient Motors • Occupancy Sensor Control of HVAC • Motor Variable Speed Drives • Replacement with High Efficiency Units • Equipment Sequencing • Variable Flow Pumping • Proper sizing • Cogeneration Behavioral Measures 20

SMART BUILDINGS – TRENDS • BIM: for building design - Reduce energy consumption by making best use of environmental inputs: solar energy capture, passive heating, micro climate, wind, micro hydro, etc. - Efficient construction workflow - New buildings & retrofits - Select materials based on cost, env. impact, insulating / radiative qualities, etc. - The USA GSA requires BIM as a necessary step in designing buildings with energy and sustainability one of the key design considerations - Building designers and architects are supportive

LIGHTING – Energy Efficiency LIVE!! • Anyone there? • Library? • Technology? • Fixtures?

LIGHTING – Energy Efficiency LIVE!! • Lighting Retrofit – Use of electronic Ballasts – 20% 30% • Lighting Demand based control -10% - Occupancy - Daylight Dimming

HVAC – Energy Efficiency LIVE!! • BMS FOR HVAC? Ventilation Demand based control CO 2 sensors Fan coil units occupancy control • Alarm? • CONTROL CENTRAL CHILLER PLANT

BARRIERS AND CHALLENGES • Lack of awareness • Lack of knowledge • Lack of standards • The nature of activity that powers the economy • Will rural dwellers benefit? • Energy subsidies • Cost • May lead to increase in GHG emissions initially

THANK YOU Confused? Ask Questions Please

Share of different sectors in total anthropogenic GHG emissions (CO 2 -eq) IPCC. 2007. Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report.

BACKGROUND Background and problem definition • Energy consumption increased from 35. 3 Metric Ton of Oil Equivalent (mtoe) in 1995 to 69 mtoe in 2007 • In 2020 Energy consumption is projected to be 130 mtoe – Almost double AGAIN !!!! • Electricity generation – Mostly generated from fossil fuels - High Dam less than 10% • Blackouts in summer – remember how Blackouts affected you during the holy month of Ramadan early this year • GHG emissions increased from 84 tons of CO 2 in 1995 to 160 tons of CO 2 in 2007 • Weather data collected for the period 1961 - 2000 indicate a general trend towards: • warming of the air temperature, • increases in the number of hazy days and misty days, turbidity of the atmosphere, frequency of sand storms and hot days 28