ICTs and Social Development Session 6 ICTs for

ICTs and Social Development Session 6 “ICTs for Development” course

UNDP Human Development Index Richard Heeks, GDI, University of Manchester, UK Image source: http: //hdr. undp. org/en/2016 -report/

Relation Between Health, Education and Economic Growth Economic ICTs Growth ? Better Health Richard Heeks, GDI, University of Manchester, UK Better Education

Key Health System Actors Health Policy. Maker Health Manager Doctor Paramedic / Health Worker / Nurse Citizen / Patient Richard Heeks, GDI, University of Manchester, UK

Key Health System ICT Applications Medical/Health Knowledge Health System Information Health Policy. Maker Health Policy IS Health Manager Health Management IS Practitioner Knowledge Systems Doctor Paramedic / Health Worker / Nurse Health Operations IS Diagnostic & Treatment Support Systems Public Health IS Richard Heeks, GDI, University of Manchester, UK Citizen / Patient Health System/ Health Infrastructure Data Medical/ Epidemiological Data

Simplified (DIKDAR) Information Value Chain Health Knowledge Learning Health Data Richard Heeks, GDI, University of Manchester, UK Health Information Health Decision Health Action Health Results

Design-Reality Gaps Design Richard Heeks, GDI, University of Manchester, UK Reality

e-Health: Conflicting Institutional Logics Institutional Logic Values Organisations Practices Individuals Scientific Decentralisation Rational Medicine Transparency Politicised Centralisation Corruption Traditional Healing Tajikistan Brazil Peru Richard Heeks, GDI, University of Manchester, UK

Key Education System Actors Education Policy. Maker Education Manager Teacher / Lecturer Student / Learner Richard Heeks, GDI, University of Manchester, UK

Key Education System ICT Applications Topic/Pedagogic Knowledge Practitioner Knowledge Systems Education System Information Education Policy -Maker Education Policy IS Education Manager Education Management IS Teacher / Lecturer Education Operations IS Teaching & Learning Support Systems Public Education IS Richard Heeks, GDI, University of Manchester, UK Student / Learner Education System/ Education Infrastructure Data Teaching/ Learning Performance Data

One Laptop Per Child Richard Heeks, GDI, University of Manchester, UK Image source: https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/OLPC_XO#/media/File: XO-Beta 1 mikemcgregor-2. jpg

ICTs Usage Levels and Learning “results suggest that limited use of computers at school may be better than not using computers at all, [but] using them more intensively than the current OECD average tends to be associated with significantly poorer student performance” (OECD 2015: 16) Extent of learning Richard Heeks, GDI, University of Manchester, UK Extent of use of ICTs

e-Education Change and Impact Change Meaning Example Transformation New Learning Paradigm ICT-Enabled Community of Practice Educational empowerment Redesign Radical Change to Learning Processes Incremental Change to Learning Processes Automation Teacher-Assisted, ICT-Enabled Group, Interactive Learning Games and Drills Building wider capabilities Bringing Computers into Classroom Little or negative learning impact Motivation for Learning Improvement Digitisation Impact Some skill improvements

Helping Achieve Development Goals or Not? Entertainment Gaming Gambling Richard Heeks, GDI, University of Manchester, UK Image sources: https: //www. youtube. com/; http: //www. addictedcity. com/online-gambling/; https: //www. primagames. com/games/league-legends/feature/most-wanted-video-games-2020 olympics

The Capabilities Framework Values Individual/ Community/ Context Differences Choice Economic Political Social Security Informational Opportunities: Contextual Capabilities Specific Capabilities Freedoms Richard Heeks, GDI, University of Manchester, UK Realised Functionings Unrealised Functionings Development Outcomes

Capabilities in Practice X Richard Heeks, GDI, University of Manchester, UK Image sources: https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Bicycle#/media/File: Left_side_of_Flying_Pigeon. jpg; https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Culture_of_Cambodia#/media/File: Cambodian_girls_on _bicycle. jpg; http: //aminnesotaninchina. areavoices. com/2012/04/21/disabled-in-china/; http: //www. forestsmonitor. org/fr/reports/550050/550056

ICTs and Capabilities Digital commodities e. g. hardware, software Differences and Opportunities and their functionalities e. g. digital data processing/ communication Means to Achieve e. g. personal, social and environmental conversion factors Digital capabilities = Vectors of potential digital functionings (affordances) e. g. digital communication Freedom to Achieve Values and Choice e. g. personal preferences, needs, or social pressures Realised digitallyenabled functionings e. g. faster and easier access to better information Achievement Richard Heeks, GDI, University of Manchester, UK Adapted from Zheng & Walsham 2008; itself adapted from Robeyns 2005