ICT Infrastructure Introduction to Broadband Infrastructure July 20

ICT Infrastructure (Introduction to Broadband Infrastructure) July 20 -21 , 2009 Gregory Pokorny Global Cooperation Department IT Policy Division National Information Society Agency (NIA)

Table of Contents 1. Côte d'Ivoire ICT Status Côte d'Ivoire 2. Broadband vs. Dial-up 3. Broadband Options 4. Broadband Issues 5. Broadband Providers 6. Broadband Fees/Costs 7. Broadband Stimulus

Côte d'Ivoire ICT Status

Côte Status Côte d'Ivoire ICT d'Ivoire • Abidjan contains many administrative organizations and is the largest city with a population of 3. 3 million

Côte Status Côte d'Ivoire ICT d'Ivoire Source: World Internet Stats • Recent Internet statistics for Côte d'Ivoire as Internet growth d'Ivoire shows a remarkable increase over the past 5 + years

Côte Status Côte d'Ivoire ICT d'Ivoire Internet Usage in Côte d’Ivoire: ISPs Comete Africa Online Globe Access Afnet Aviso Number of subscribers 29 2680 2508 2300 4429 Number of Internet users 300, 000 (1. 87% of the population) (Source: Agence des Telecommunications de Côte d'Ivoire) • From the table above, there is a big difference between the total number of Internet subscribers from the five ISPs and the total number of Internet users • This is due to the fact that the majority of Internet users are not subscribers. Access the Internet through somebody else’s computer such as friend or relative, or they go to a cybercafe Cybercafes have become immensely popular over the past five years and are responsible for a large portion of the Internet traffic in Côte d'Ivoire • • The arrival of two new international fiber optic submarine cables to the country’s shores in 2008/09 is expected to lead to significantly lower prices for international bandwidth, which will boost the underdeveloped Internet sector Côte d’Ivoire has a relatively well developed infrastructure that supports ADSL broadband services with speeds of up to 8 Mb/s

Côte Status Côte d'Ivoire ICT d'Ivoire Telecommunication Regulation and Liberalization in Côte d’Ivoire • • In July 1995, the government passed two decrees to establish the Agence des Télécommunications de Côte d'Ivoire (ATCI) as the independent regulatory authority and the Conseil des Télécommunications de Côte d'Ivoire (CTCI) as the highest telecom authority responsible for arbitration in case of problems between ATCI, CI-Telecom and private operators Liberalization of the telecommunications sector in Côte d'Ivoire started in 1994, when the government began to open the sector to allow participation of private companies • Most segments of the telecommunications market have continued to flourish during the crisis which started in 1999 • The launch of a third and a fourth GSM network has accelerated the already fast growth of the mobile sector where market penetration is above the African average

Côte Status Côte d'Ivoire ICT d'Ivoire Côte d'Ivoire: National ICT Policy NICI Plan 2000 -2005 The NICI Plan (National Information Communication Infrastructure) development process in Côte d'Ivoire was launched at the end of 1999 The Office of the President led the process. A Team of 40 National Experts were appointed from the various sectors of the economy to liaise with all the stakeholders (Government, civil society, private sector, professional organizations, research and training institutions, etc. ) to develop an integrated and comprehensive national strategy The National Council for the Information Highways (Conseil National des Autoroutes de l’Information) supported the NICI Team. A small team of five experts mandated by the National Team of Experts developed the final document. The NICI Plan (Plan de développement de l’Infrastructure Nationale de l’Information et de la Communication 2000 – 2005) was approved by the Council of Ministers in July 2000

Côte Status Côte d'Ivoire ICT d'Ivoire Côte d'Ivoire: National ICT Policy (Cont’d) The NICI plan aims to achieve the following objectives: • • • Democratize access to ICTs Put in place promotional programs and incentives Build capacities Develop reliable and high capacity infrastructure and appropriate applications Improve public service delivery Develop content and sustain the democratization process in the country Some of the top priority projects which were identified in the NICI plan are as follows: • • • Connecting the various Ivorian cities using up-to-date technology Starting a Government Intranet Connecting the universities and the high schools Content development Developing an African Regional ICT Hub • Government also has established a Ministry of Communication and Information Technology to implement NICI

Benefits of Broadband Why is Broadband Important? What are the Benefits? • Enhances Social and Cultural Development • Accelerates Economic Growth • Provides new Business Opportunities • Increases Competitiveness of Companies (SMEs) and/or Countries • Improves Employment Levels • Changes Lifestyles (multiple array of applications) • Facilitates Citizens in their Daily Lives • Facilitates Innovation • Enhances Quality of Life • Changes social relationships (chatting, e-mail, mobility) • Changes/improves Business Models

Definition & Speed of Broadband Definition: What is Broadband? • Broadband refers to communications channels capable of transmitting greatly more amounts of voice and data information than your standard voice-grade channel (re: telephone line) • Therefore, information sent through the broadband network can be sent on many different frequencies within the band, concurrently, allowing more information to be transmitted in a given amount of time • Broadband describes a "wide range of technologies that allow high-speed, always-on access to the Internet”

Definition & Speed of Broadband • Broadband’s capability to transmit large amounts of data rapidly is measured in bits per second • The regular telephone line has 64 kbps, ISDN 2 at 128 kbps was regarded as broadband • The FCC (U. S. Federal Communications Commission) defines broadband connections that enable the end user to receive information or send information at an transfer rate exceeding 200 kbps in at least one direction • The DTI (former Department of Trade & Industry [now BERR] in the UK) defined broadband Internet as 2 Mbps and above

Broadband vs. Dial-up • Broadband can be 10 -30 times and much more faster than the traditional dial-up modem • The best way to compare the two is to that of a special highway that is just for Internet traffic instead of a clogged road that has both voice and data • As we have probably all experienced in the past with dialup, there is a lot of waiting for a connection through dialup as we send an e-mail or request for a website to load • The other big advantage of broadband is that unlike dialup, the computer can always be on and connected to the Internet…as well as the fixed telephone line being tied up

Broadband Options Digital Subscriber Line (Asymmetric): (A)DSL • This type operates on the traditional wireline network (telephone line), where a higher frequency spectrum available in the copper wires are used in this case • DSL’ s availability could be dependent on the customer’s distance from the telephone company’s central office

Broadband Options Broadband Internet sharing Hardware Router with separate switch & modem

Broadband Options Cable Broadband Connection • This type uses the same coaxial cable used for cable TV service • Internet service via this coaxial cable became more readily available when the cable TV industry immigrated from analog to digital TV

Broadband Options Wireless LANs • Wireless broadband technology is somewhat similar to cellular technology in that it uses radio waves to transmit and receive data across air waves without having to rely on a physical connection • Simply, wireless broadband refers to the spreading of electromagnetic wave through empty space by an antenna which is connected to a base station

Broadband Options Wi-Fi • Short range, moderate speed service • Unlicensed frequencies • Usually offered for free or a small nominal fee in coffee shops, campuses, hotels and tourist areas • Significant use in homes and offices for networking • Municipal deployments are increasing

Broadband Options Satellite Broadband • Satellite broadband services utilize geo-synchronized satellites that stay fixed and pointed to the sky (direction of the satellite) to receive and transmit data to and from satellite broadband customers (with a satellite dish) • Primary advantage of this option is that it could be available to those anywhere in the country (remote and isolated areas)

Broadband Options Fiber-to-the-Home (Fiber-to-the-Premises): FTTH (FTTP) • FTTH refers to a broadband telecommunications system based on fiber optic cables for delivery of multiple advanced services such as tripleplay (telephone-voice, broadband Internet-data, and broadcasting-TV) to homes and businesses (takes advantage of extensive fiber backbone that phone companies built over the years) • More than a 140% increase in FTTH since 2004 (most in Korea and Japan) and could eventually replace ADSL (like when ADSL replaced dial-up)

Broadband Options Broadband over Powerline (BPL) • Not really commercially viable at this time as BPL is mostly in the pilot project stage • This broadband service would allow for service to come over existing electricity distribution wires using a higher frequency bandwidth of those wires

Broadband Issues What are the issues regarding Broadband? 1. Bandwidth • Some technology options are faster than others where in many cases the technology offers a range of speeds depending on a variety of other factors (cost, # of users, distance, etc…) • The amount of bandwidth available defines the limits of potential use • For example, 128 kbps => e-mail, surfing the web, text-based applications but inadequate for IP-based video-conferencing • In the case of ADSL, download speeds greatly exceed those of upload speeds

Broadband Issues What are the issues regarding Broadband? 2. Effect of Multiple Users • In some cases the speed of the broadband could also be affected by the number of simultaneous users (contention ratio) • Therefore, contention-based services share the available bandwidth between the total number of simultaneous users (more simultaneous users online, the slower the overall service) • Services which do not guarantee contention ratios are likely to perform less well at busy times (evening/night)

Broadband Issues What are the issues regarding Broadband? Distance • The strength of signals declines as distances become greater • For example, there is a physical limit to how far ADSL and Wireless LAN signals can travel and therefore the available bandwidth drops with as the distance increases • The other effect of distance is latency (delay between a signal being sent and received). Over short distances, the latency is negligible, but over longer distances, then there could be problems (e. g. Satellite systems may experience delays due to the time taken for signals to pass between the satellite and receiver)

Broadband Issues What are the issues regarding Broadband? 4. Security • With one of the advantages of broadband being its “Always On” capability, this means that individual computers could be more vulnerable to attack • Unscrupulous third parties could pose a big risk to unprotected computers as there are opportunities for hackers, phishers to break into and snoop information packets and their contents • Therefore, data encryption and information security systems are recommended to be deployed

Broadband Issues What are the issues regarding Broadband? 5. Integration into Existing Network Infrastructure • The integration of network access products such as ADSL with existing LANs could require significant effort in terms of upgrading the network to meet customers minimum network access services (in terms of hardware, software versions and software patches) • Other issues may be a limited availability of skilled network engineers and insufficient information support personnel

Broadband Issues What are the issues regarding Broadband? 6. Cost • As with almost anything, cost not only to customers but to those providers of broadband technologies requires significant and hefty investments in the necessary infrastructure • Operators want to recoup their initial costs ASAP and so some newer broadband technologies are priced at a premium at the beginning when they are introduced in the market • Costs generally increase in proportion to speed

Broadband Comparisons Source: Broadband Technology Overview, Corning

Source: Broadband Technology Overview, Corning

Broadband Providers Who Provides Broadband Service? 1. Local Telecom Company • Wireline telecommunications carriers that own the telephone network within a certain geographic area 2. Competitive Local Phone Company • Wireline carriers that may have authorization from local government to compete with local companies to provide telephone services (often package offerings in a form of packages that might include, long distance, international, Internet access, cable/video services) • Provide services in one of three ways: - build network facilities needed themselves - purchase telecommunications services from another carrier - leasing parts from local phone company networks

Broadband Providers Who Provides Broadband Service? 3. Satellite Providers • Deploy broadband to customers scattered all over • Customers must install their own satellite dish to receive services 4. Wireless Carriers • Provide broadband service using fixed or mobile wireless technology • Fixed wireless technology offers services to large geographic areas with modest investment • Attractive option in rural areas, small towns and suburbs 5. Cable Companies • Provide broadband over their coaxial cable networks • Serve primarily residential customers who already subscribe to cable

Broadband Providers Who Provides Broadband Service? 6. Municipalities (Local Government) • Some communities without many commercial broadband providers have opted to build out their own networks (e. g. mesh networks) using public funds, or by establishing PPP’s (private-publicpartnerships) • High profile examples include: Philadelphia, Minneapolis, etc… 7. Internet Service Providers • A company that provides third-party access to the Internet • ISP has the equipment and telecommunication line access required to have point-of-presence on the Internet for the geographic area served • Examples include: MSN, AOL, KT

Broadband Fees/Costs How Much Does Broadband Cost? (an example in $US) • Satellite => $50 -$80/month, + $300 -400 one time equipment cost, ~$200 installation • DSL => $15 -$80/month, + $0 -$70 one time equipment cost, ~$200 installation • Cable => $30 -$90/month, +$0 -$50 one time equipment cost, ~$200 installation • FTTH => $40 -$200/month, no additional equipment cost, $0 -$70 installation • Wireless => $60 -$80/month, $0 -$150 equipment cost, $20 -$40 activation fee • Dial-up => $10 -25/month, no additional equipment or installation cost (not broadband)

Broadband Stimulus for Broadband? • In recent weeks, the United States, Britain, Canada, Germany, Spain, Portugal and Finland have all included measures to expand broadband access and to bolster connection speeds in their planned economic stimulus packages • Australia, France, Hungary, Ireland, Japan and South Korea have announced separate broadband plans, according to OECD • Most of these plans: 1. Seek to expand connections to rural areas where they currently are unavailable 2. In some cases talking about turning broadband into a universal service like electricity or running water 3. Another common goal is to speed up existing links through incentives to build faster fixed-line and wireless telecommunications networks