ICETOP EASTOP Tunka KASCADE grape 3 Yakutsk CASAMIA

宇宙线膝区物理：已有的实验 羊八井 ICE-TOP EAS-TOP Tunka KASCADE grape 3 Yakutsk CASA-MIA BLANCA&DICE Chacaltaya Tienshan Akeno gamma

羊八井实验探测膝区现状：ASγ proton M. Amenomori et al. , The Astrophysical Journal, 678: 11651179, 2008 Tibet ASγ Collaboration / Physics Letters B 632 (2006) 58– 64 Helium

羊八井实验探测膝区现状：ASγ+YAC+MD Pb 7 r. l. Iron Scint. Box 1. 2. 3. 16 detectors(AS+YAC): interaction model check, forward region 100 detectors(AS+YAC+MD): proton & He spectrum 400 detectors (LHAASO-SCDA): Fe spectrum

羊八井实验探测膝区现状：ARGO 灵敏的参数选择 Nbp / the mean lateral spread radius / density ratio R 80/ the slope of the conical shower front: sfront

羊八井实验探测膝区现状：ARGO+CRTNT Wide Field of View Cerenkov Array (WFCA) 4300 m a. s. l CRTNT @ YBJ Cerenkov telescopes ARGO hall 50 m

羊八井实验的未来，LHAASO计划 与膝区的混合探测 LHAASO计划：高海拔+大面积+混合探测 • KM 2 A (1 km 2 array ): – ED(electron detectors), 5000 m 2 – MD(muon detectors), 40000 m 2 • WCDA(water Cherenkov detector array), 90000 m 2 • WFCA(wide field Cherenkov array), 24 telescopes • SCDA(shower core detector array), 5000 m 2

羊八井实验的未来，LHAASO计划与膝区的 混合探测：初步的模拟 用KM 2 A(SD+MD) +Xmax( directly from Corsika) 得到的混合观测膝区初步的物理结果 – – Corsika version 6. 616 QGSJETII-GHEISHA Primary energy: 10 Te. V to 10 Pe. V The composition of primary nuclei • light nuclei (LN): H+He • moderate nuclei (MN): CNO+Mg. Al. Si • heavy nuclei (HN): Fe – Zenith angle : 0 -45° – Azimuthal angle is 0 -360° – Observation level is at Yangbajing.