ICELANDIC VOLCANO EYJAFJALLAJKULL By Alison Logan Sheri Mofford

ICELANDIC VOLCANO EYJAFJALLAJÖKULL By Alison Logan, Sheri Mofford, and Emma Spurlock

Iceland Latitude: 63˚ 63’ N, Longitude: 19˚ 62’W Temperate Climate due to the warm Gulf Stream/North Atlantic Current Weather March- avg. high 39, avg. low 32 April- avg. high 45, avg. low 33 Clean hydroelectric and geothermal power

Eyjafjallajökull Past Eruptions 920 A. D. (Volcanic Explosivity Index 3) 1612 A. D. (Volcanic Explosivity Index 2) 1821 -1823 (Volcanic Explosivity Index 2) Series of eruptions over 14 months • Ejected excessive amounts of fluoride • Ash fell to the South and West •

Katla

March 20, 2010 Fimmvörðuháls Fissure Vent

Details about E 15 • situated in the south-west region of Iceland. • located by the Sea and stands 5, 465 feet tall.

E 15 Activity • Started in 2009 and increased intensity up until March 2010 • Volcanic Events that started in March 2010 are all considered to be part of a single eruption.

• April 14, 2010 E 15 entered into the Explosive Phase • Estimated to be a VEI 4 Eruptions

Flooding • Volcanic heat melting glacier ice which effected the rivers. • The fear of flooding made it so authorities evacuated 800 people from the area around the melting. • The steepness of the volcano made the waters much more powerful.

Problems with air travel? • Results of four factors: – First the volcano is located under the Jet stream. – Power of volcano’s explosion. – The second eruption allowed water from the melted glacial ice to flow back into the erupting volcano and creates two more phenomena.

The Aftermath of Ash Meteorological Institute of Iceland � Silica concentration of 58% � Contamination of Water � Ash fall brings farming to a halt

Return to Dormancy � Scientist � Worries � Plans Speculations about future Eruptions to prevent any more surprise eruptions

Economic Impact � Global Travel Stopped � Shipping Companies Suffer � Airlines Grounded for days � Livestock Deaths � Agriculture

Political Retaliation � Possible over Reaction � Strain on Diplomats � Tourist Stranded � Communication between nations in global crisis

Changes in Geography � White plume was observed to be at a height of over 100 m � Movement towards the southwest � “A year without summer”

References � � � Bancroft-Hinchey, Timothy. “Icelandic Ash Cloud: Is This the Beginning of an Ecological Disaster? “ Pravda Online. http: //english. pravda. ru/world/europe/15 -04 -2010/113035 -icelandic_ash-0 Changes Are Now. “Iceland Volcano Brings Floods, Travel Chaos to Europe. ” http: //2012 changesarenow. blogspot. com/2010/04/iceland-volcano-brings-floods-travel. html Iceland. “Nature in Iceland. ” http: //www. iceland. is/country-and-nature/ Mapes, Terri. “Weather in Iceland: Temperatures, Weather & Climate. ” About. com. http: //goscandinavia. about. com/od/icelan 1/ss/weathericeland. htm Modern Survival Blog. Image Only. http: //modernsurvivalblog. com/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/katlaeyjafjallajokull-iceland-location. jpg Sappenfield, Mark. “Iceland's Eyjafjallajökull volcano is nothing to 'Angry Sister' Katla. ” Christian Science Monitor. http: //www. csmonitor. com/Science/2010/0418/Iceland-s-Eyjafjallajoekull-volcano-isnothing-to-Angry-Sister-Katla Smithsonian Institute. “Eyjafjallajökull. ” http: //www. volcano. si. edu/world/volcano. cfm? vnum=170202=&volpage=erupt Than, Ken. “Iceland Volcano Erupts Under Glacier, Triggers Floods. ” National Geographic News. http: //news. nationalgeographic. com/news/2010/04/100414 -iceland-volcano-erupts-evacuateflooding/ The Associated Press. “Iceland Volcano Eruption Forces Evacuation. ” The Canadian Press. http: //www. cbc. ca/world/story/2010/04/14/iceland-volcano-evacuation. html Volcano Discovery. “Eyafjallajökull volcano. ” http: //www. volcanodiscovery. com/en/iceland/eyjafjallajoekull. html Young, Jennifer. “The Eyjafjallajokull Volcano in Southern Iceland: Some Facts. ” Suite 101. http: //news. suite 101. com/article. cfm/the-eyjafjallajokull-volcano-in-southern-iceland-some-factsa 228279