IBERIANS IN AMERICA 1488 Bartolemon Diaz rounded the

IBERIANS IN AMERICA

1488: Bartolemon Diaz rounded the southern cone of Africa 1492: Columbus’ first voyage 1498: Vasco da Gama arrives in India 1519 -1522 Magellan circumnavigates the earth

1492: Columbus 1494 The Treaty of Tordesillas 1519 -1521 Cortes' conquest of Mexico 1530 -1533: Pizarro--Peru (Inca) 1564 Philippines occ'ed by Spain 1580 -1640: Spain and Portugal under unified rule—Not a thorough integration

Cortes Moctezuma

• Why the Iberians ? • Gold and silver mines • Impact on population • Impact of silver on world economy • Plantations • Sugar • New World and the Old

Potosi mines

GREAT DYING (Population in million) 1520 1522 1548 1568 1608 Mexi 25 co Peru 9 11. 2 4. 7 2. 2 0. 85 2 0. 6

Plantations • • • Forced labor Depends on continued import of slaves Large scale factory-like organization Owner has complete control Specialized production for distant markets Political control from overseas

Sugar mill

Economic impacts • • • New commodities Profits from trade Shipping technology New sources of bullion Inflation Creation of a global network

Columbian Exchange • New World Corn, potato tomato, peppers, chocolate, vanilla, tobacco, beans, pumpkin, avocado, peanuts, pecan, cashew, pineapple, sunflower • Old World Horses, cattle, pigs, sheep, chickens, honeybee, wheat, rice, barley, oats, soy, sugar cane, onion, lettuce, citrus, banana, olive, tulips