IAEA Workshop about Radioactivity in Scrap Metal Module
IAEA Workshop about Radioactivity in Scrap Metal Module 04 – THE INTERNATIONAL SAFETY FRAMEWORK FOR SCRAP METAL IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency
This presentation describes the IAEA safety standards and guides and how they pertain to radioactive material in the metal recycling industry IAEA 2
The Safety Standards and Metal Recycling • Normal Practices: • The Safety Standards establish safety provisions that apply to established and authorized practices, AND • these provisions are applied by States through regulatory requirements. • Metal Recycling Facilities: • These facilities often encounter radioactive material and it is expected that they will implement safety provisions, BUT … • these facilities are generally not subject to regulatory requirements. • What to do? what Safety Standards apply? IAEA 3
IAEA Statute “To establish … standards of safety … and to provide for the application of these standards …” IAEA 4
Safety Standards Fundamental Safety Objective Safety Fundamentals “to protect people and the environment from harmful effects of ionizing radiation” Safety Requirements Safety Guides IAEA Apply to all facilities and activities that give rise to radiation risks 5
• Some of the key general Standards…. IAEA 6
Fundamental Safety Principles (2006) • 10 Fundamental safety principles for protecting people against ionizing radiation • Basis for all other IAEA Safety Standards IAEA 7
Governmental, Legal and Regulatory Framework for Safety (2010) • • General Requirements for the national regulatory infrastructure for safety Regulatory framework Establishment of an effectively independent Regulatory Body Core regulatory functions: Authorization, inspection, enforcement IAEA 8
Basic Safety Standards (2014) • • • A key Standard since 1960, cosponsored by several international organizations Comprehensive set of requirements covering all aspects of radiation protection and safety All exposure situations: planned, emergency, and existing situations All categories of exposed people: workers, patients, public Reference document for national radiation safety regulations IAEA 9
Emergency Preparedness and Response (2002) • Requirements for planning and responding to any nuclear or RADIOLOGICAL emergency IAEA 10
Transport Safety (2012) • Transport regulations for all • radioactive materials Basis for international transport regulations IAEA 11
Code of Conduct on the Safety and Security of Radioactive Sources (2004) • • • Not a Safety Standard For Governments and Regulatory Bodies Set of objectives and principles for the control of sources Additional Guidance on import/export Topics include: national register of sources, strategies for disused sources, orphan sources… IAEA 12
• Specific Safety Standards, and other publications, directly applicable for the metal recycling industry… IAEA 13
SSG-17: Orphan Sources & Other Radioactive Material in Scrap Metal & Recycling Industries (2012) • Recommendations on meeting safety requirements in relation to the presence of radioactive material in scrap metal • Responsibilities and actions concerning the discovery of radioactive material and regaining control over it • Scope is primarily domestic IAEA 14
SCOPE OF SSG-17 SCRAP METAL scrap yard ORPHAN SOURCES Abandoned Lost Stolen Misplaced CONTAMINATED METAL Decommissioning NORM from industries scrap yard RECYCLING scrap yard Scrap yard, segregation, shredding, melting, product finishing scrap yard Orphan sources Contaminated metal IAEA Clean product Contaminated products Investigation, return, waste management Contaminated by-products 15
SSG-17: Orphan Sources & Other Radioactive Material in Scrap Metal & Recycling Industries • Responsibilities of the government, the regulatory body, the metal recycling and production industry • Monitoring for radioactive material • Response to the discovery of radioactive material, many examples • Management of recovered radioactive material • Review of real events IAEA 16
SSG-17: Orphan Sources & Other Radioactive Material in Scrap Metal & Recycling Industries Application of recommendations: • In the absence of regulations, a voluntary approach such as the ‘Spanish protocol’ should be implemented. • If a voluntary approach fails, establish “requirements” The Spanish Protocol will be presented in more detail later IAEA 17
Other relevant Safety Guides RS-G-1. 7 Application of the concepts of exclusion, exemption and clearance RS-G-1. 9 Categorization of Radioactive Sources IAEA 18
Control of Transboundary Movement of Radioactive Material (2014) • • Based on ‘Spanish protocol’, SSG-17, Radioactive Sources Codes of Conduct Scope: radioactive material transboundary movements Objective: protect people and the environment; harmonize the approach of States Aim: when radioactive material is discovered to bring it under control promptly and handle it safely IAEA 19
Control of Transboundary Movement of Radioactive Material • Radiological criteria: based on clearance values for unsealed material and exempt values for sources • Radiation monitoring of consignments and provision of a radiation monitoring report • Actions following discovery of radioactive material • Framework for return of consignments • Training of individuals IAEA 20
Summary • • The Safety Standards and Metal Recycling The IAEA and its fundamental safety principles IAEA safety standards IAEA SSG-17: Orphan Sources and Other Radioactive Material in the Scrap Metal and Recycling Industries (2012) • Control of Transboundary Movement of Radioactive Material (2014) IAEA 21
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