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The Medieval Ages Part 4 The Crusades

Purpose of Crusades A series of Holy wars in which the Christians of Western Europe attempted to regain control of the Holy Land (Jerusalem) from the Muslims.

Motives of Crusaders 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Peasants were promised salvation if killed on a crusade Escape from manor life Adventure Gain land wealth in the East Use fighting skills Political power Expand trading markets Liberate the Holy Land from non believers

First Crusade Peasants crusade Land route Captured Jerusalem temporarily Led by Walter the Penniless and Peter the Hermit in 1096 12, 000 French peasants went but only 4, 000 made it there! Set up feudal estates to help defend recaptured land

Second Crusade Land route Made it to Turkey only Spent more time fighting one another than the Muslims Jerusalem lost

Third Crusade of the Kings Water route Led by French, English, and German Kings…Richard the Lion Hearted Failed to recapture Holy Land – forced to sign a truce with Saladin…Muslim King of the Saracens King Frederick Barbarossa of Germany drowned in a river on the way

Fourth Crusade Water route Purpose was to gather works of art, jewels, and gold to pay off debts incurred on previous crusades Crusaders ransacked towns and sent their treasures home to be sold for cash

Consequences of Crusades 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Contact with more advanced civilizations had impact on European civilization – opened up Europe to the rest of the world Cities grew through increased trade Introduction of new products like silks, spices, pearls, food, and clothing materials. Classical literature was rediscovered Decline of Feudalism – Lords lost money, incurred debt, and were killed in battle Left the common man with a broader knowledge of the world

1. In the first Crusade, the Christians traveled from Europe, namely France, Italy, and Germany, and into the Byzantium Empire. From Constantinople they traveled south east finally reaching Jerusalem where they gained control of it from the Muslims. 2. In the second Crusade, the Crusaders left from Northern France and traveled to Constantinople, and then to Antioch and Acre along the eastern Mediterranean shores. 3. The third crusade started in England also included France, Italy, Germany among others, and traveled by sea and land to Acre and Jerusalem. 4. In the fourth Crusade, ships were launched from Northern Italy and sailed to Constantinople, where the city was ravaged and left.