I Trends of Fatal Injuries at Road Construction

I. Trends of Fatal Injuries at Road Construction Sites (All employment)

1. Construction employment in the United States, 2003 -2016 Number of employees (in millions) 14. 0 12. 0 10. 1 10. 7 11. 2 11. 7 11. 8 10. 9 9. 7 9. 1 8. 9 9. 3 9. 8 9. 9 10. 3 8. 0 6. 0 4. 0 2. 0 0. 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Year Source: U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2003 -2016 Current Population Survey. Calculations by the authors.

2. Number and rate of fatalities in construction, 2003 -2016 1, 400 1, 278 1, 171 1, 000 800 All fatalities 1, 239 Rate 14. 0 12. 0 1, 016 879 802 781 985 1, 034 10. 0 908 10. 0 849 856 8. 0 600 6. 0 400 4. 0 200 2. 0 0 0. 0 Rate per 100, 000 FTEs Number of deaths 11. 7 1, 243 1, 297 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Year Source: U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2003 -2016 Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries. Numbers were from the online CFOI database. Employment data were from the Current Population Survey. Calculations by the authors.

3. Fatal injuries at road construction sites, by major industry, 2011 -2016 total Number of deaths 532 Construction Transportation 77 Admin. supp. & waste manage 42 Professional services 22 Wholesale 15 Manufacturing 13 Utilities 10 Public administration 9 Retail 9 Other 23 Source: Fatal injury data were generated by the CPWR Data Center with restricted access to BLS CFOI micro data. The views expressed here do not necessarily reflect the views of the BLS.

4. Number and rate of fatalities at road construction sites, 2003 -2016 Road construction sites 140 Rate 123 100 80 99 1. 0 1. 2 106 92 Revised 105 OIICS 89 80 75 103 83 73 82 87 1. 0 72 1. 0 0. 8 60 0. 6 40 0. 4 20 0. 2 0 0. 0 Rate per 100, 000 FTEs Number of deaths 120 1. 4 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Year Source: Fatal injury data were generated by the CPWR Data Center with restricted access to BLS CFOI micro data. The views expressed here do not necessarily reflect the views of the BLS. . Employment data were from the Current Population Survey. Calculations by the authors.

5. Fatal injuries at road construction sites, by event or exposure, sum of 2011 -2016 % of deaths (n = 532) Pedestrian vehicular incident * 50. 2% Roadway incidents involving motorized vehicle # 13. 2% 10. 0% Struck by object/equip. Fall to lower level Electrocution Caught in/compressed by object/equip. Other 7. 9% 3. 9% 13. 0% Note: * This group includes pedestrians and other non-occupants of vehicles who were struck by vehicles or other mobile equipment in normal operation regardless of location. # This group includes injuries to vehicle occupants which occurred on roadways. Source: Fatal injury data were generated by the CPWR Data Center with restricted access to BLS CFOI micro data. The views expressed here do not necessarily reflect the views of the BLS.

6. Fatal pedestrian vehicular incidents at road construction sites, by subcategory, sum of 2011 -2016 Total = 267 deaths 4. 5% 9. 4% Struck by forwardmoving vehicle in work zone Struck by vehicle backing up in work zone Struck by vehicle propelled by another vehicle in work zone 24. 7% 61. 4% Other Source: Fatal injury data were generated by the CPWR Data Center with restricted access to BLS CFOI micro data. The views expressed here do not necessarily reflect the views of the BLS.

7. Fatal injuries at road construction sites, by primary source, 2011 -2016 total % of deaths (n = 532) Trucks 22. 0% Multi-purpose highway vehicles 17. 3% Passenger vehicles 16. 9% Constr. logging, mining mach. Confined spaces 13. 9% Bridges, dams, locks 3. 0% Other persons, plants, animals, and minerals 3. 0% Elevators, hoists, aerial lifts 2. 6% Building materials—solid elements 2. 3% Cranes 2. 3% Electric parts 1. 7% Other vehicle 1. 7% Other 9. 4% Source: Fatal injury data were generated by the CPWR Data Center with restricted access to BLS CFOI micro data. The views expressed here do not necessarily reflect the views of the BLS.

8. Fatalities at road construction sites caused by trucks, by primary source, sum of 2011 -2016 Dump truck Total = 117 deaths 4. 3% Semi, tractor-trailer, tanker truck 8. 5% 47. 0% 13. 7% Truck—motorized freight hauling and utility Boom truck, bucket or basket hoist truck Delivery truck or van Other 22. 2% Source: Fatal injury data were generated by the CPWR Data Center with restricted access to BLS CFOI micro data. The views expressed here do not necessarily reflect the views of the BLS.

9. Fatal injuries in construction by establishment size, road construction sites versus all fatalities, sum of 2011 -2016 (Wage and salary workers) All fatalities (n=4, 351) Road construction sites (n=517) 10. 4% 17. 3% 20. 3% 39. 5% 9. 7% 31. 3% 13. 6% 7. 4% 12. 2% 10. 8% 10. 0% 1 -10 employees 11 -19 employees 20 -49 employees 50 -99 employees 100+ employees Not reported Note: Self-employed workers were excluded. Source: Fatal injury data were generated by the CPWR Data Center with restricted access to BLS CFOI micro data. The views expressed here do not necessarily reflect the views of the BLS.

10. Percentage of fatal injuries at road construction sites, by month of incident, sum of 2011 -2016 14% 12. 8% 12. 2% Percent of deaths 12% 10. 5% 10% 7. 5% 8% 6% 9. 6% 10. 0% 8. 1% 7. 5% 5. 8% 4. 7% 3. 8% 4% 2% 0% Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Month of incident Source: Fatal injury data were generated by the CPWR Data Center with restricted access to BLS CFOI micro data. The views expressed here do not necessarily reflect the views of the BLS.

11. Percentage of fatal injuries at road construction sites, by time of incident, sum of 2011 -2016 Percent of deaths 25% 19. 9% 20% 19. 1% 14. 9% 15% 10% 5% 14. 5% 7. 5% 3. 1% 4. 1% 5. 4% 2. 7% 2. 5% 3. 9% 0% 0: 00 -1: 59 am 2: 00 -3: 59 am 4: 00 -5: 59 am 6: 00 -7: 59 am 8: 00 -9: 59 am 10: 00 -11: 59 am 12: 00 -1: 59 pm 2: 00 -3: 59 pm 4: 00 -5: 59 pm 6: 00 -7: 59 pm 8: 00 -9: 59 pm 10: 00 -11: 59 pm Time of incident Source: Fatal injury data were generated by the CPWR Data Center with restricted access to BLS CFOI micro data. The views expressed here do not necessarily reflect the views of the BLS.

II. Fatal Injuries at Road Construction Sites among Construction Subgroups (All employment)

12. Fatal injuries at road construction sites, selected construction subsectors, sum of 2011 -2016 Number of deaths Highway, Street, and Bridge 371 Utility System 59 Site Preparation 33 Electrical Contractors 15 Painting and Wall Covering 11 Plumbing, Heating and A/C 6 Poured Concrete Foundation 6 Source: Fatal injury data were generated by the CPWR Data Center with restricted access to BLS CFOI micro data. The views expressed here do not necessarily reflect the views of the BLS.

13. Number of fatal injuries at road construction sites in Highway, Street, Bridge subsector, 2003 -2016 120 Deaths 96 Number of fatalities 100 80 89 73 84 75 64 60 Linear(Deaths) 66 59 66 57 55 51 62 53 40 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Year Source: Fatal injury data were generated by the CPWR Data Center with restricted access to BLS CFOI micro data. The views expressed here do not necessarily reflect the views of the BLS.

14. Number and rate of fatal injuries at road construction sites, selected occupations, sum of 2011 -2016 Crossing guard Paving* Highway maint Power-line installer Crane tower operator Dredge/Excavating operator Laborer 179 Foreman Op. Engineer Truck Driver Cement mason Plumber Painter Electrician Carpenter Number of fatalities 22 22 71 15 9 7 68 31 18 5 14 12 8 Rate per 100, 000 FTEs 40. 9 21. 8 13. 6 11. 6 5. 5 3. 9 2. 1 1. 9 1. 8 1. 6 0. 5 0. 4 0. 3 0. 1 7 Note: Paving=Paving/surfacing equip. operator Source: Fatal injury data were generated by the CPWR Data Center with restricted access to BLS CFOI micro data. Numbers of FTEs were estimated using the Current Population Survey. Calculations by the authors. The views expressed here do not necessarily reflect the views of the BLS.

15. Number and rate of fatal injuries at road construction sites among construction laborers, 2005 -2016 Number Rate 45 40 35 2. 4 25 15 10 33 2. 6 2. 3 1. 9 20 2. 6 2. 5 30 3. 5 3. 2 2. 5 1. 9 1. 7 1. 8 2. 0 1. 6 43 38 31 36 25 3. 0 28 32 25 29 22 28 1. 5 1. 0 Deaths per 100, 000 FTEs Number of deaths 50 0. 5 5 0 0. 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Year Source: Fatal injury data were generated by the CPWR Data Center with restricted access to BLS CFOI micro data. Numbers of FTEs were estimated using the Current Population Survey. Calculations by the authors. The views expressed here do not necessarily reflect the views of the BLS.

16. Number and rate of fatal injuries at road construction sites among crossing guards, 2005 -2016 Number 70. 0 59. 1 12 10 8 6 60. 0 50. 0 40. 0 33. 4 11 4 27. 0 8 28. 4 13 9 30. 0 2 10. 0 0 0. 0 2005 -2007 2008 -2010 Year 2011 -2013 2014 -2016 Source: Fatal injury data were generated by the CPWR Data Center with restricted access to BLS CFOI micro data. Numbers of FTEs were estimated using the Current Population Survey. Calculations by the authors. The views expressed here do not necessarily reflect the views of the BLS. Deaths per 100, 000 FTEs Number of deaths 14 Rate

17. Number and rate of fatal injuries at road construction sites among paving/surfacing equipment operators, 2005 -2016 Number 33. 3 35. 0 30. 0 25 22. 9 20 20. 8 23. 0 25. 0 20. 0 15 15. 0 25 10 10. 0 13 5 12 10 0 5. 0 0. 0 2005 -2007 2008 -2010 Year 2011 -2013 2014 -2016 Source: Fatal injury data were generated by the CPWR Data Center with restricted access to BLS CFOI micro data. Numbers of FTEs were estimated using the Current Population Survey. Calculations by the authors. The views expressed here do not necessarily reflect the views of the BLS. Deaths per 100, 000 FTEs Number of deaths 30 Rate

18. Number and rate of fatal injuries at road construction sites among highway maintenance workers, 2005 -2016 Number Rate 18. 0 15. 6 40 35 16. 0 11. 7 14. 0 30 12. 0 25 10. 0 20 7. 6 6. 6 15 10 21 40 8. 0 31 6. 0 4. 0 18 5 2. 0 0 0. 0 2005 -2007 2008 -2010 Year 2011 -2013 2014 -2016 Source: Fatal injury data were generated by the CPWR Data Center with restricted access to BLS CFOI micro data. Numbers of FTEs were estimated using the Current Population Survey. Calculations by the authors. The views expressed here do not necessarily reflect the views of the BLS. Deaths per 100, 000 FTEs Number of deaths 45

19. Rate of fatal injuries at road construction sites, selected worker characteristics, average of 2011 -2016 Source: Fatal injury data were generated by the CPWR Data Center with restricted access to BLS CFOI micro data. Numbers of FTEs were estimated using the Current Population Survey. Calculations by the authors. The views expressed here do not necessarily reflect the views of the BLS.

20. Percentage and rate of fatal injuries at road construction sites, by age group, average of 2011 -2016 35% 30% 1. 6 28. 8% Rate 1. 8 1. 4 25% 21. 5% 20% 0. 93 0. 84 18. 3% 0. 73 15% 1. 10 1. 13 1. 2 18. 3% 1. 0 0. 81 0. 8 0. 6 10% 6. 2% 5. 6% 5% Deaths per 100, 000 FTEs Percentage of deaths 1. 64 Percentage 0. 4 0. 2 1. 3% 0% 0. 0 16 -19 20 -24 25 -34 35 -44 45 -54 55 -64 65+ Age group Source: Fatal injury data were generated by the CPWR Data Center with restricted access to BLS CFOI micro data. Numbers of FTEs were estimated using the Current Population Survey. Calculations by the authors. The views expressed here do not necessarily reflect the views of the BLS.

III. Prevention in Construction