i OS vs Android Using the Gmail App

i. OS vs Android Using the Gmail App.

Brief History of i. OS and Android ● i. OS came before Android (2007 vs 2008) ● Android targets consumers and app developers ● Many choices for Android phones - larger market share ○ 85. 0% vs 14. 7% (Q 1 2017) ● User experience index higher for i. OS 7 vs Samsung ○ 73. 25 vs 57. 25 (2013)

i. OS and Android - Student Preferences ● Bowen and Pistilli (2012) ● Slight edge for Android (43%, i. OS - 40%) - many devices ● Next purchase will be i. OS (49%, Android - 1/3)

Multiplatform Apps ● Barea, Ferre, & Villarroel, 2013 - interaction design ● Whatsapp and Skype - different across i. OS/Android ○ Platform dependent - good for users, difficult for developer ● Differences - navigation, settings and preferences ● Gmail - Adapted cross platform (similar, follows platform conventions)

Factors affecting Usability Rating ● Study by Lee, Moon, & Park, 2012 ● The design of the product matters - simplicity ● User’s usability ratings can be affected by their loyalty to the brand

Research Goal and Hypothesis ● Goal: To see what effect the operating system has on usability rating. ● Hypothesis: i. OS will score higher in usability rating compared to Android regardless of task time.

Users/Participants ● College students ● i. OS/Android users ● Ideally 20 -30 participants

Method Task Analysis: ● Users perform tasks to achieve goal(s) ● Describe and break down task/task goals ● Analyze demands on user ○ Conclusions, deductions, hypotheses, recommendations ● Cognitive Task Analysis - GOMS

Method ● Performed task analysis on i. OS/Android Gmail app tasks ○ Used CPM-GOMS

GOMS ● GOMS Model - predicts and models user behavior ○ Goals ○ Operators ○ Methods ○ Selection rules ● CPM-GOMS - variation

Methods ● CPM-GOMS ○ Dividing each task - cognition, perception, and motor ○ Time ● SUS - System Usability Scale ○ 10 question survey measured with a likert scale

Applying GOMS to Task Goal: Archiving by sliding across email ● ● Locate/see email (operator) Slide across email with finger (operator and method) See the “Message archived” popup (operator) Prefer sliding across email because it is quick (selection rules)

Phone Model and App Version ● i. OS: i. Phone 6 s version 11. 3. 1 ○ Gmail app version 5. 0. 180603 ● Android: Moto G First Generation version 5. 1 ○ Gmail app version 8. 5. 20. 198487710. release

Tasks 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Delete an email from inbox Forward an email from inbox Attaching a photo to email Compose an email but not send it Archiving an email from inbox

Starting Screen i. OS Android

1. Deleting an email

Deleting an Email (i. OS) 2 OR 1 Either tap on the sender icon or press down on email Open up email by tapping on it, then tap the trashcan icon

Deleting an Email (i. OS) - End Screen “ 1 moved to Trash” message will appear at bottom of inbox. Do not tap “undo” - will undo action

Deleting an Email (Android) - Method 1(a, b) Hold down email until UI turns grey 1 a 1 b Or can tap sender icon to select email immediately Tap trash can icon

Deleting an Email (Android) - Method 2 If email is opened (via tapping), tap trash can icon

Deleting an Email (Android) - End screen “ 1 deleted” message will appear at bottom of inbox. Do not tap “undo” - will undo action

2. Forward an email

Forward an email (i. OS) 1 OR Tap on the forward button on the bottom of the email 2 Tap on the three dot icon then tap on the forward option.

Forward an email (i. OS) Once email is opened, type in recipient and press send. “Sent” message popup. Do not tap undo - will undo action

Forward an Email (Android) - Methods 1 & 2 Tap the vertical three dots Tap the “forward” icon

Forward an Email (Android) Type a recipient Tap “send” icon “Sending message. . . ” popup

3. Attaching photo

Attaching photo (i. OS) Tap on the paperclip icon Participant may select photo that appears in the short cut or tap on the arrow for more photo options

Attaching photo (i. OS)

Attaching photo (Android)

Attaching photo (Android) - from images

Attaching photo (Android) - from gallery

Attaching photo (Android) - from photos

Attaching photo (Android) - end screen

4. Compose an email

Compose an email (i. OS) Tap on the pencil icon

Compose an email (i. OS) Type in the recipient’s email

Compose an email (i. OS) Type in the subject

Compose an email (i. OS) Type in a message

Compose an email (Android) Tap red pencil icon

Compose an email (Android) Type in a recipient

Compose an email (Android) Type in a subject

Compose an email (Android) Type in a message

5. Archiving an email from inbox

Archiving an email (i. OS) - Method 1 OR Slide across email to the left/right to archive

Archiving an email (i. OS) - Methods 2 and 3 2 OR 1 Either tap on the sender icon or press down on email, then tap on the archive button Open specific email then tap on the archive button

Archiving an email (i. OS) - End screen “Message archived” popup. Do not tap “undo” on popup - action will be undone

Archiving an email (Android) - Method 1 OR Slide across an email to the left/right to archive

Archiving email (Android) - Method 2 a + b Hold down email until UI turns grey Or can tap sender icon to select email immediately Tap archive icon

Archiving an email (Android) - Alternative Can tap on email to open it and then tap on archive icon

Archiving an email (Android) - End screen “ 1 archived” popup. Do not tap “undo” on popup - action will be undone

Timetable Time (min) Activity 0 User enters lab 5 User is given consent form 10 Practice round to be familiar with phone 15 User is given instructions on the following tasks that he/she has to complete 20 User is completing tasks 25 User is completing tasks 30 User is given the SUS survey and demographics survey to complete 35 User is given the debriefing form

Method of Collecting Data ● Think aloud will be used ● Time the tasks ● Checklist