I HOPE YOU HAD A GREAT WEEKEND GRAB

I HOPE YOU HAD A GREAT WEEKEND! GRAB ONE VOCABULARY SHEET AND TWO PIECES OF CONSTRUCTION PAPER. GET OUT YOUR MACROMOLECULE VIDEO NOTES

MACROMOLECULES TEST 9/19 BY THE END OF CLASS YOU SHOULD. . • HAVE YOUR PLANNER FILLED OUT FOR THE WEEK • BE ABLE TO LIST THE FOUR TYPES OF MACROMOLECULES • BE ABLE TO EXPLAIN THE TERMS “MONOMER” AND “POLYMER” IN YOUR OWN WORDS

ORGANIC MOLECULE • MOLECULES THAT CONTAIN CARBON AND HYDROGEN EX) CH 4, C 6 H 12 O 6

CARBON (C) • 6 TH ELEMENT ON PERIODIC TABLE FOUND IN ALL ORGANIC MACROMOLECULES • 1 ATOM OF C CAN BOND WITH 4 OTHER ATOMS, ALLOWING C TO FORM LONG, DIVERSE MOLECULES

MACROMOLECULE • LARGE ORGANIC MOLECULE. • EXAMPLES: PROTEIN, LIPID, CARBOHYDRATE, NUCLEIC ACID

4 MACROMOLECULES NEEDED BY ORGANISMS 1. CARBOHYDRATES 2. LIPIDS 3. PROTEINS 4. NUCLEIC ACIDS

POLYMER • A MACROMOLECULE THAT IS MADE OUT OF PIECES CALLED MONOMERS • EX) CARBOHYDRATE, NUCLEIC ACID, PROTEIN

MONOMER • THE BUILDING BLOCKS TO BUILD A POLYMER MACROMOLECULE • EX) AMINO ACID, MONOSACCHARIDE, NUCLEOTIDE

CARBOHYDRATE ATOMS • CONTAIN CARBON, HYDROGEN, & OXYGEN (WITH A RATIO OF 1 C: 2 H: 1 O)

CARBOHYDRATE’S FUNCTION Ü“QUICK ENERGY” ÜORGANISMS USE CARBS AS MAIN SOURCE OF ENERGY & FOR STRUCTURAL PURPOSES EX: SUCROSE, STARCH, GALACTOSE, CELLULOSE

CARBOHYDRATE STRUCTURE 1. MONOMER = MONOSACCHARIDE EX) GLUCOSE (C 6 H 12 O 6) 2. POLYMER = POLYSACCHARIDE EX) STARCH, CELLULOSE GLUCOS E GLUCOS E cellulose GLUCOS E

MONOMER = MONOSACCHARID E EXAMPLES: GLUCOSE FRUCTOSE GALACTOSE

POLYMER = POLYSACCHARID E EXAMPLES: CELLULOSE CHITIN STARCH GLYCOGEN

COPY THIS INFORMATION IN A NEW SECTION OF YOUR FOLDABLE: LIPID ATOMS • CONTAIN CARBON, HYDROGEN, & OXYGEN (W/ A RATIO OF 1 C: 2 H: VERY FEW O)

LIPIDS • GENERAL TERM FOR MOLECULES WHICH ARE NOT SOLUBLE IN WATER. • NOT A POLYMER!! • EX: 1. FATS 2. PHOSPHOLIPIDS 3. OILS 4. WAXES 5. STEROID HORMONES 6. TRIGLYCERIDES

LIPID’S FUNCTION 1. LONG TERM ENERGY STORAGE 2. PROTECTION AGAINST HEAT LOSS (INSULATION) 3. PROTECTION AGAINST PHYSICAL SHOCK 4. PROTECTION AGAINST WATER LOSS 5. CHEMICAL MESSENGERS (HORMONES) 6. MAJOR COMPONENT OF MEMBRANES (PHOSPHOLIPIDS)

LIPID STRUCTURE TRIGLYCERIDES: COMPOSED OF 1 GLYCEROL AND 3 FATTY ACIDS. H = O H-C----O C-CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 3 O fatty acids H-C----O C-CH -CH = 2 2 2 CH -CH H 2 -C H 2 C Hglycerol 2 C H = = 3

TRIGLYCERIDE fatty acid

TRIGLYCERIDE

MACROMOLECULES TEST 9/19 BY THE END OF CLASS YOU SHOULD. . • HAVE YOUR PLANNER FILLED OUT FOR THE WEEK • BE ABLE TO LIST THE FOUR TYPES OF MACROMOLECULES • BE ABLE TO EXPLAIN THE TERMS “MONOMER” AND “POLYMER” IN YOUR OWN WORDS

PROTEIN ATOMS • COMPOSED OF CARBON, HYDROGEN, OXYGEN, & NITROGEN (NO RATIO)

PROTEIN FUNCTION “THE WORKERS” • 6 FUNCTIONS OF PROTEINS: 1. 2. STORAGE: ALBUMIN (EGG WHITE) TRANSPORT: HEMOGLOBIN 3. 4. REGULATORY: HORMONES MOVEMENT: MUSCLES 5. STRUCTURAL: MEMBRANES, HAIR, NAILS 6. ENZYMES: SPEED UP CHEMICAL REACTIONS (EX: LACTASE- BREAKS DOWN LACTOSE)

PROTEIN MONOMER STRUCTURE = AMINO ACIDS (AA) EX) LYSINE, GLYCINE POLYMER = POLYPEPTIDE (HELD TOGETHER BY PEPTIDE BONDS BETWEEN AA) EX) HEMOGLOBIN, ESTROGEN, Amino Acids (aa) ADRENALINE aa 1 aa 2 Peptide Bonds aa 3 aa 4 aa 5 aa 6

MONOMER = AMINO ACID EXAMPLES: GLYCINE LYSINE ALANINE SERINE

AMINO ACID 2 5

AMINO ACID STRUCTURE • 20 DIFFERENT AA • ALL AA HAVE • 1. AMINE GROUP (NH 2) • 2. CARBOXYL GROUP (COOH) • 3. “R” GROUP (DIFFERENT FOR EACH AA)

AMINO ACID STRUCTURE

POLYMER = POLYPEPTIDE EXAMPLES: HEMOGLOBIN ALBUMIN COLLAGEN KERATIN

NUCLEIC ACID ATOMS • COMPOSED OF CARBON, HYDROGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN & PHOSPHORUS (NO RATIO)

NUCLEIC ACID FUNCTION 1. “GENETIC MATERIAL” 2. STORES HEREDITARY INFO 3. DIRECTIONS TO BUILD PROTEINS

NUCLEIC ACID STRUCTURE • MONOMER = NUCLEOTIDE EX) DNA NUCLEOTIDE, RNA NUCLEOTIDE

MONOMER = NUCLEOTIDE EXAMPLES: RNA NUCLEOTIDE DNA NUCLEOTIDE

NUCLEOTIDE Phosphate Group O O=P-O O 5 CH 2 O N C 1 C 4 SUGAR (DEOXYRIBOSE OR RIBOSE) C 3 C 2 Nitrogenous base (A, G, C, U or T)

NUCLEOTIDE STRUCTURE Phosphate Group O O=P-O O 5 CH 2 O N C 1 C 4 SUGAR (DEOXYRIBOSE OR RIBOSE) C 3 C 2 Nitrogenous base (A, G, C, U or T)

NUCLEOTIDE STRUCTURE • NUCLEOTIDES INCLUDE: 1. 1 PHOSPHATE GROUP (PO 4) 2. 1 PENTOSE SUGAR (5 -CARBON) 3. 1 NITROGEN BASE: ADENINE (A) THYMINE (T) DNA ONLY URACIL (U) RNA ONLY CYTOSINE (C) GUANINE (G)

POLYMER = NUCLEIC ACID EXAMPLES: RNA DNA

2 EXAMPLES OF NUCLEIC ACIDS DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID (DNA) RIBONUCLEIC ACID (RNA)

DNA - DOUBLE HELIX 5 O 3 3 P 5 O O C G 1 P 5 3 2 4 4 3 P 5 1 2 O T 3 P 3 A O P 5 O 5 P

GET OUT YOUR YELLOW PRACTICE PACKET FOR ME TO CHECK! 39