I hope you find this file helpful for

I hope you find this file helpful for student preparation for the Neurology Shelf Exam. I apologize for the intermittent beeps during the audio clips (these will be recorded again soon). Use of the accompanying transcriptions is advisable. Sincerely, Heather Anderson, MD Director, Neurology Clerkship Associate Professor of Neurology http: //upload. wikimedia. org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0 e/Brachial_plexus_2. svg/750 px-Brachial_plexus_2. svg. png

Differential for Weakness -Plexus • Brachial plexus http: //upload. wikimedia. org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0 e/Brachial_plexus_2. svg/750 px-Brachial_plexus_2. svg. png

Differential for Weakness -Plexus • Lumbosacral plexus http: //upload. wikimedia. org/wikipedia/commo ns/thumb/7/73/Lumbar_plexus. svg/250 px. Lumbar_plexus. svg. png

Differential for Weakness -Peripheral Nerve • Upper extremity – Median nerve – Ulnar nerve – Radial nerve • Lower extremity – Peroneal nerve

Differential for Weakness -Neuromuscular Junction • Myasthenia gravis • Lambert Eaton

Differential for Weakness -Muscle • Myopathy (inflammatory, endocrine and electrolyte disorders, metabolic myopathies, drugs and toxins, and infections • Rhabdomyolysis • Neuroleptic malignant syndrome • Serotonin syndrome

Sensory Loss • Review dermatomal distribution www. backpain-guide. com/Chapter_Fig_folders/Ch 06_Path_Folder/4 Radiculopathy

Sensory Loss Sensory distribution of major peripheral nerves http: //en. wikipedia. org/w/index. php? title=File: Gray 812 and 814. svg&page=1 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/File: Gray 826 and 831. PNG

Deficits/Findings with Frontal Lobe Lesion • • Contralateral weakness Urinary incontinence w/ bilateral lesions Expressive aphasia Executive dysfunction, personality changes (prefrontal)

Deficits/Findings with Parietal Lobe Lesion • Contralateral sensory loss • Inferior quadrantanopia • Apraxia (dressing, construction, ideomotor) • Agnosia, agraphia, acalculia, R-L disorientation (Gerstmann’s syndrome - left parietal lobe) • Double simultaneous stimulation (left parietal lobe) • Neglect, apraxia, anosagnosia (denial of deficits) (right parietal) • Balint’s syndrome (bilateral parietal lobe) – Inability to voluntarily control the gaze (ocular apraxia) – Inability to integrate components of a visual scene (simultanagnosia) – Inability to accurately reach for an object with visual guidance (optic ataxia)

Deficits/Findings with Temporal Lobe Lesion • Receptive aphasia (dominant laterosuperior) – Sensory amusia, sensory aprosodia (nondominant laterosuperior) • • Superior quadrantanopia Kluver-Bucy (bitemporal tip) (hyperorality, hypersexuality, etc) Amnesia (inferomedial aspect – amygdale, hippocampus) Impaired recognition of facial emotional expression (nondominant lateroinferior)

Deficits/Findings with Occipital Lobe Lesion • Homonymous hemianopsia • Macular sparing – watershed area, supplied by terminal branches of PCA and MCA

Deficits/Findings with Brainstem Lesion • Be familiar with Wallenberg syndrome – Lesion of lateral medulla – PICA or vertebral – Loss of pain and temperature on ipsilateral face and contralateral limbs and trunk – Loss of vibration, proprioception, ataxia in ipsilateral limbs – Ipsilateral Horner's syndrome, vertigo, nystagmus, hoarseness, and dysphagia are often present

Visual Field Cuts http: //www. chw. edu. au/kidsrehab/brain_injury/information_sheets/_ images_/visual_field_defects. gif