I History of Chess B Shaturanga Invented around

I. History of Chess

B. Shaturanga • • Invented around A. D. 600 in northern India Infantry - 4 pawns Boatmen - a ship which could move 2 squares diagonally but could jump over intervening pieces Cavalry - like a knight Elephant - rook Rajah - king 4 players - 2 allied loosely against the other 2 use of dice decided who went when

B. Shatranj • • Gambling was forbidden in India , so they got rid of the dice and did other changes by 650 AD the game had reached the Arab kingdoms – became a 2 player game – 2 Rajahs were demoted to Prime Ministers – moves of the elephant and the ships were swapped – resulting game was called Shatranj

B. Shatranj (continued) • Theories on how Shatranj was brought to Europe – 1. Charlemagne & the Empress Irene of the Byzantine court were contemplating marriage and Charlemagne was given a Shatranj set for a present (but queen had too much power) so he called the wedding off! – 2. Knights of the Cross obtained the game from Arab lands during the Crusades (the court of Saladdin held Shatranj in high esteem)

C. Other forms of Chess Chinese Chess or Japanese Chess or Shogi Shiang-Chi Sittuyin or Burmese Chess Cambodian Chess Korean Chess

D. European Chess

D. European Chess (continued) • Chess was believed to reach Spain by the 11 th century • Chess in the form it is today appeared in Southern Europe at the end of the 15 th century

D. European Chess (continued) Henry VIII Chess Set • Change in rules – 2 square pawn advance – capturing en passant – castling – king remained – pawns remained foot soldiers – elephant became the bishop – chariot became the rook – queen became the most powerful piece

E. Other Chess Sets 4 1 5 2 (1) American Civil War 3 (2) Gothic (3) Sherlock Holmes (4) Viking Raiders (5) Roman