I CAN Define Motivation Distinguish the 6 types

Motivation: What Makes Us Act as We Do? Motivation takes many forms, but all

Motivation –Mental processes that select and direct our behavior Why We Do Things Copyright

Types of Motivation • • • Drive Motive Intrinsic Motivation Extrinsic Motivation Conscious Motivation

Drive Biologically instigated motivation • • • Hunger Thirst Sex Copyright © Allyn &

Motive The internal mechanism that selects and directs behavior Urges that are mainly learned

Intrinsic Motivation Desire to engage in an activity for its own sake • This

Extrinsic Motivation Desire to engage in an activity to achieve an external consequence…like a

Conscious Motivation • Having the desire to engage in an activity and being aware

Unconscious Motivation • Having a desire to engage in an activity but being consciously

Theories of Motivation 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Instinct Theory Drive Theory: aka Drive

1. Instinct Theory • View that certain behaviors are determined by innate factors Human

• Organism are born with a set of biologically based behaviors that promote

Fixed-Action Patterns • The concept of fixedaction patterns has replaced the older concept of

Fixed-Action Patterns • Genetically based behaviors, seen across a species, that can be set

2. Drive Theory • Drive Reduction Theory • View that a biological need (an

Homeostasis Does not explain things like why people play, which is rewarding in itself

People actively determine their own goals and 3. how Cognitive to achieve. Theory them

Locus of Control • Internal LOC • You control what happens to you •

Freud believed that humans have 4. Psychodynamic Theory only two basic drives: 1. Eros

• Virtually everything we do is based on one of these urges •

5. Maslow’s Humanistic Theory • Hierarchy of Needs • The notion that needs occur

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

Maslow’s Self-Actualization –State of selffulfillment in which people realize their highest potential in their

Rewards • Rewards don’t always interfere with intrinsic motivation • For example, some people

CAN I? • Define Motivation • Distinguish the 6 types of motivation (Drive, Motive

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I CAN: • Define Motivation • Distinguish the 6 types of motivation (Drive, Motive , Intrinsic Motivation , Extrinsic Motivation, Conscious Motivation, Unconscious Motivation) • Describe a time overjustification interfered with your motivation

Motive The internal mechanism that selects and directs behavior Urges that are mainly learned rather than biologically based • The desire to play video games • The Need for Achievement Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

Extrinsic Motivation Desire to engage in an activity to achieve an external consequence…like a reward The anticipation of a reward will continue to be a motivator even when the task holds little or no interest. An extrinsically motivated student may have no interest in the subject, but the possibility of a good grade is enough to keep the Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 student motivated

Unconscious Motivation • Having a desire to engage in an activity but being consciously unaware of the desire A talented basketball playermemories who plays Freud: repressed desires, impulses, influencepoorly in a motivation game could unconsciously be punishing an over. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 demanding father or coach

1. Instinct Theory • View that certain behaviors are determined by innate factors Human actions such as ridiculing others can be thought to be akin to an animal attacking a younger animal of the same species to stop them from trying to become a leader in Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 the pack.

• Organism are born with a set of biologically based behaviors that promote their survival Problems with instinctual theories: Can not explain all of human behavior Example: jealousy, modesty, altruism, selfishness Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

Fixed-Action Patterns • Genetically based behaviors, seen across a species, that can be set off by a specific stimulus Yawning, whether seen, heard or both, then serves Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 as a releaser in nearby animals

2. Drive Theory • Drive Reduction Theory • View that a biological need (an imbalance that threatens survival) produces a drive Fails to explain human actions that produced, rather than reduced, tension, such as rock climbing Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

People actively determine their own goals and 3. how Cognitive to achieve. Theory them • Locus of Control An individual’s belief about their ability to control the events in our lives … internally or externally Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

Locus of Control • Internal LOC • You control what happens to you • If you study, you get a good grade • External LOC • Outside influences control what happen • Good grades are due to luck or a biased teacher Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

• Virtually everything we do is based on one of these urges • Since these urges are always building, we continuously need to find acceptable outlets for our sexual (artist creating art) and aggressive (sports) needs Georgia O'Keefe Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

n o ti e v O s u rj a c i f i t • As a result of the extrinsic incentive, the person views his or her actions as externally motivated rather than intrinsically appealing • For example, when a child receives money for playing video games, they actually may play it less Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

CAN I? • Define Motivation • Distinguish the 6 types of motivation (Drive, Motive , Intrinsic Motivation , Extrinsic Motivation, Conscious Motivation, Unconscious Motivation) • Describe a time overjustification interfered with your motivation