I American What is imperialism Expansionism a When

I. American What is imperialism? Expansionism a. When stronger nations try to control weaker nations. b. US needed to start if it was going to keep up

1 st Goal: Military Strength -Admiral Alfred T. Mahan (1840 -1914) -Wrote: Influence of Sea Power on History strong military needed to be = to the rest of the world -By 1890, the US had the 3 rd largest navy. Answer 2: Desire for Military Strength

2 nd Goal: New Markets � Needed more places to sell goods we made in US Commercial/Business Interest U. S. Foreign Investments: 1869 -1908

3 rd Goal: Global Competition - Losing race with Europe.

-What color is the US on this map? What do you notice about the amount of land vs. other countries

Commercial/Business Interests U. S. Foreign Investments: 1869 -1908

Commercial/Business Interests American Foreign Trade: 1870 -1914

3 : Belief in Cultural Superiority 1. Many Americans believed in Social Darwinism. a. Belief in “superior” and “inferior” races.

II. First Steps: A. Alaska 1. 1867, William Seward (Sec of State) bought Alaska from Russia for $7. 2 million. 2. Criticized: Seward’s Folly 3. 1959: Alaska=state

B. Hawaii 1. Since 1790 s, US stopped there on their way to Asia. 2. 1820 s, missionaries founded schools on the islands. 3. Started Sugar/Fruit plantations. 4. Needed Protection: 1887 Pearl Harbor

US Takes Hawaii US Business could send sugar to US with no extra taxes until 1890. Mc. Kinley Tariff 1890, made US sugar farmers pay a tax, profit went down Decided to try to make Hawaii part of US

Queen Lil did not want to give Hawaii up -US business attacked New government under S. Dole -President Cleveland did not honor illegal military action In 1898, Congress proclaimed Hawaii an American territory. President Mc. Kinley did not stop In 1959, Hawaii became the 50 th state. Hawaii for the Hawaiians!

U. S. View of Hawaiians Hawaii becomes a U. S. Protectorate in 1849 by virtue of economic treaties.

To The Victor Belongs the Spoils Hawaiian Annexation Ceremony, 1898

Spanish-American War

The Spanish-American War (1898): “That Splendid Little War” How prepared was the US for war?

Cubans rebel • Americans want Cuba • Good farmland, close • Spanish won’t give up Cubans revolt: • Jose Marti: 1895 Led Guerilla War US: most support. See a connection with our past Section 2 Spanish American War

Spain does not want to lose Cuba Send “The Butcher: ” Valeriano Weyler • Prison camps • US angry at Spain War Escalates

Valeriano Weyler’s “Reconcentration” Policy

Headline War: https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=IU 5 l 4 y. Q Cp. MM Newspaper tells story War for customers: • Pulitzer vs. Hearst • Yellow Journalism Create Headlines that were not true to get readers • “You furnish the pictures, I will furnish the war!”

2 Direct Causes of War: De Lome Letter 1898 NY times Publish letter • Said Mc. Kinley was weak Maine Explodes: • No one knows why • Blame falls on Spain

Remember the Maine and to Hell with Spain!

War 1898 First battle in Philippines George Dewey commander Supported by Philippines on the land lead by Emilio Aguinaldo

Dewey Captures Manila!

Caribbean Campaign Naval battle in Cuba: • US Adm. Sampson fought Spanish Navy Cuban land Campaign on • Army Not prepared for war yet 125000 men Not trained, armed, or supplied well Disease rampant (bad)

Troops and Rough Riders 1898 17000 troops Rough Riders: Kettle Hill Charge and San Juan most famous charges. After Cuba, invaded Puerto Rico • We were welcomed there, little to no fighting • Treaty of Paris August 12, armistice Splendid Little War

Result of War: • Spain lost Cuba, Guam, and Puerto Rico • US paid Spain 20 million • Debate over Treaty Did the Constitution follow the flag? What would we do?

William H. Taft, 1 st Gov. -General of the Philippines Great administrator.

Our “Sphere of Influence”

10. 3 Acquiring Land

Ruling Puerto Rico What would we do with land after war? • Should PR become a state? • Military Rule 1 st General Miles in charge • We needed PR for defense • https: //www. youtube. co m/watch? v=x. Gi. EOfo 2 E 7 E#t=56

1900 Pass Foraker Act: civilian gov. 1901 Insular Cases We will not grant full freedom to all of our new lands 1917 Puerto Ricans given Citz

1898 Cuba US said Cuba free from Spain Teller Amendment: US not take over Cuba

Post war: Marti feared US would be new Spain US did stay, but helped out with new schools, hospitals, meds, ended yellow fever

Platt Amendment Cuban Constitution 1901 • Platt: Did not give them full freedom (see vocab) Cubans mad, and marched on US Gov. Woods house, Cuba was a protectorate now

Philippines: Treaty: US took over Philippines 1899 rebel under Aguinaldo US = torture/concentration camps 3 yrs

20, 000 Filipinos, 4, 000 US 400 million dollars African American soldiers New Democratic gov.

1899 Sec. of State John Hays issued Open Door Notes “Lets Share China. ” US and China

Boxer Rebellion Why? Chinese being mistreated 1000 s of Chinese died Hays issued 2 nd Open Door US would stop any future problems

Imperialism divides America small group called “Anti Imperialists” spoke up Impact of gains 1900 election: Mc. Kinley vs. Bryan (I) (AI) Winner makes policy!

Section 4: World Power Teddy 1901: and world TR pres when Mc. Kinley shot

1904 Russia and Japan at war • Portsmouth Treaty TR wins Nobel Peace Prize • caused bad feelings, will lead to WWII

Panama Canal: Panama Canal we needed a Canal connecting A and P Permission to build: 1901 Hay-Pauncefote Treaty Where? Bunau-Varilla sells us French land in Panama https: //www. youtube. com/ watch? v=-u. PCQy 32 t. Gg

Panama Canal 1 problem: Columbia controlled Panama, TR and Bunau-Varilla “arranged” a revolution against Columbia Gunboat Diplomacy!

Panama Canal Building: • Disease, soft soil, hard to get good workers • 43, 400 employed at one time! • August 1914 Open for Business Good for US business, Latin America worried: Would they be next?

Roosevelt Corollary 1904 Roosevelt Corollary Restates Monroe Doctrine Threatens other countries Gunboat diplomacy

Dollar Diplomacy Taft lent money to countries in trouble better if we helped them grow, rather than threaten

Woodrow Wilson Missionary Diplomacy • help countries that had good moral governments (Treated their people well) Wanted more countries to be Democratic Mexico put him to the test

Mexico had a dictator for many years: Diaz Friendly to US, but not to his own people 1911 poor in Mexico led by Madero revolted and won, but only lasted a couple of years 1913 new president: Huerta. Wilson did not like him, so he did not recognize him as the leader

US intervenes in Mexico Tampico: 1914 US sailors arrested but let go quickly Wilson sends Marines to Mexico We almost went to war ABC powers stopped war, got rid of Huerta New president: Carranza, Wilson OK with this, but not the Mexican people

Rebellion in Mexico Pancho Villa and Zapata not agree with Carranza and wanted him out Villa attacked US miners on way to Mexico, and invaded New Mexico killing US citizens Wilson has to send US army under Pershing to chase Carranza not like US troops in Mexico so his army and US clash Just about to go to war and WWI breaks out