Transmission • Acquired by ingesting the eggs of H. nana in food or beverages or from contaminated fingers • The eggs are excreted in the stools of infected humans
Geographic distribution and epidemiology • Worldwide…greater prevalence. . poor. . child • India & the Middle East, children exceed 20 % 6 -10 age • Rodents may serve as reservoir hosts • Most common tapeworm in man ﺣﺪﺍکﺜﺮ آﻠﻮﺩگی ﺑﻪ ﺍیﻦ کﺮﻡ ﺩﺭ ﺍیﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻮﺯﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺘی ﺍﺯ ﻣﺎﺯﻧﺪﺭﺍﻥ
Location • Worms attach to the mucosa of the small intestine • Upper three-quarters of the ileum • Larvae develop in intestinal villi
Morphology
Morphology • 15– 40 mm • Approximately 200 proglottides • The scolex has four suckers and a circular row of 20 -30 hooks • Neck is long and slender Retractible rostellum ﺭﺣﻢ ﻛﻴﺴﻪ ﺍﻱ کﻮچکﺘﺮیﻦ ﺳﺴﺘﻮﺩ
Clinical manifestations • Infections with less than 1000 parasites may be asymptomatic • More than 3000 worms diarrhea, abdominal ﺗﺤﺮیک ﺍﺳﻬﺎﻝ ﺧﺎﺭﺵ ﺑیﻨی pain ﻋﺼﺒی ﺑﻠﻐﻤی - ﺧﻮﻧی ﻭ ﻧﺸﻴﻤﻨگﺎﻩ • Eosinophilia 15 in 7% of infected persons • Autoinfection is rare • There is immunity to reinfection
Diagnosis • By demonstration of characteristic eggs Proglotid Flotation