Hydrology Unit Test Study Guide Answer Key 1

Hydrology Unit Test Study Guide Answer Key

1. Approximately what percentage of Earth’s water is fresh water?

2. Completely label this water cycle diagram: Precipitation: when the droplets become too heavy and fall as rain and snow Condensation: Gas becoming liquid: water vapor cools to become droplets which adhere to one another and form clouds Evaporation: Liquid becoming Infiltration: water on the ground surface enters permeable soil & rock gas (water vapor): This can include transpiration from plants & trees. Run-off: precipitation moves across the earth, moving by gravity **Some resources include COLLECTION: oceans and lakes ‘collect’ water and keep it until evaporation occurs

2. Water that falls to Earth as rain, snow, sleet, or hail is called what? Precipitation 3. Is the total amount of water on Earth increasing, decreasing or staying fairly constant? 4. Water that fills the cracks and spaces in underground soil and rock layers is called what? Groundwater 5. The streams and small rivers that feed into a main river are called tributaries.

5. A river system is made up of a river and its tributaries. 6. Where can you find fresh still water? In lakes and ponds 7. The land that supplies water to a river system is called its watershed. 8. Materials that allow water to pass through them easily are considered to be permeable.

9. When the demand for water is greater than the supply, the surrounding area experiences a water shortage. 10. Using less water is one way to practice water conservation. 11. Sources of pollution that cannot be easily identified are called nonpoint sources. 13. Yellowstone National Park contains many hot springs and geysers. What would you expect to find beneath the ground in this area that causes the water to be heated? hot, molten rock which heats water that then rises to the surface

V 14. Plants use water to undergo photosynthesis. They also release water into the atmosphere. Plants contribute to which part of the water cycle? Evaporation…. transpiration is essentially evaporation of water from plant leaves. 18. The land area that causes water to drain into two separate river systems is called a divide. 20. Groundwater is often reached by people through drilling a well down into the aquifer. 22. The energy for the water cycle originally comes from the sun.

23. Water moves from the atmosphere to Earth’s surface as rain, snow, and other forms of precipitation. 24. Most of Earth’s fresh water is in the form of polar ice sheets. 25. Fresh water found in soil and rock layers below Earth’s surface is called groundwater. 27. A ridge of land that separates two watersheds is called a(an) divide.

28. The area of soil in which the pores are totally filled with water is called the saturated zone. 29. The top of the saturated zone is called the water table. 30. Industries that reduce water use, recycle water, and reuse water are practicing water conservation. 31. The addition of any substance to water that has a negative effect on living things is called pollution.

32. A widely spread source of pollution that can’t be tied to a specific point of origin is a(an) nonpoint source. 33. A well in which groundwater rises to the surface due to pressure is called an artesian well. 34. A lake that stores water for human use is called a reservoir. 35. Name 3 human activities that threaten the Everglades. Farming, new organisms, land development

36. Name 3 type of freshwater wetlands. bog – acidic water; mosses thrive marsh – grassy; covered with shallow water swamp – flooded forest; trees & shrubs 37. Are the Florida Everglades considered to be a bog, a marsh, or a swamp? 38. How do wetlands help control flooding? They absorb runoff from heavy rains. 39. What are two factors that make the Florida Everglades a great habitat for many living things? Sheltered water & large supply of nutrients

40. How do wetlands serve as a filtering system? Plants roots create a filtering ‘net’ that captures sediment, waste materials, and chemicals, preventing them from entering groundwater 41. How do wetlands help to control flooding? Wetlands capture and hold on to water much like a sponge. 42. What is an aquifer? An underground layer of rock or sediment that holds water. 43. How is a lake different than a pond? Lakes are deeper and larger; sunlight does not reach the bottom of a lake.

44. What is the most wasteful use of water in the United States? agriculture consumes 80% of the nation's freshwater – more than twice the water used by industry 45. At which ocean feature would you find the greatest amount of water pressure? Deep-Ocean Trench 46. What are three major steps in the water cycle? Evaporation Condensation Precipitation

47. Make a table showing how all Earth’s water is distributed. Fresh Water Salt Water 97% 3% (2% = ice; 1% = liquid {rivers, lakes, groundwater, etc. }) 48. Which of the sea floor features is made up of a range of mountains that wind through the ocean? the mid-ocean ridge 49. Tides are caused by interactions between what astronomical bodies? the sun, the moon, and the Earth 50. A large stream of moving water that flows through the oceans is called a(an) current.

51. The abyssal plain is a smooth, nearly flat region of ocean floor covered with layers of mud and silt. 52. Beyond the edge of the continental shelf lies the open ocean zone, the deepest and darkest area of the ocean. 32. Which letter identifies the continental shelf? A 33. Identify feature E. Volcanic Island 34. What is the feature labeled C? deep-ocean trench 35. Identify the ocean feature labeled G. Abyssal plain 36. What is the feature labeled D? Mid-Ocean Ridge B = continental slope F = seamount

A “Tides” Cloze Activity The daily rise and fall of Earth’s waters on its coastlines are called tides. As the tide comes in, the level of the water on the shore gradually increases. At the highest point, it is called high tide. Then the water gradually goes back out again to the lowest point, called low tide. Tides are caused by the interaction of the Sun, the Moon, and the Earth. The gravity of the moon pulls on Earth’s water, creating a bulge of on the side of Earth closest to the moon and on the opposite side of Earth as well. Because Earth rotates on its axis every 24 hours, there are 2 high tides and 2 low tides each day. The high tides are about 12 hours (time) apart.

Changes in the positions of Earth, the moon, and the sun affect the heights of the tides during a month. When the Earth, the moon, and the sun are positioned in a straight line, you will see the greatest range between high and low tide. This is called spring tide. When the moon, the moon and the sun are positioned at right angles to each other, you will see a tide with the least difference between low and high tide. This is called neap tide.

Good luck on the test!