Hydrogen Production Conventional and Renewable Linde Gas EUSustainable

Hydrogen Production Conventional and Renewable Linde Gas EU-Sustainable Energy Week Brussels, 30. 01. 2008, A. Stubinitzky

Hydrogen Market Linde Gas — Ammoniac (NH 3) production (~ 50% of worldwide demand) — Oil Industry (~ 45% of worldwide demand) — Semi-conductor production — Glass Industry (Shielding gas) — „Hydrogenation“ of fats and oils — Methanol production — Production of HCL — Plastics Recycling — Rocket fuel — Welding, cutting New application: Fuel Cells and H 2 internal combustion engines 2

Linde Gas The Entire Hydrogen Value Chain Automotive Compression/ Liquefaction Distribution Filling Station H 2 - ICE Fuel Cell H 2 Production New Market Linde Competence Fossil Energy (Natural Gas) Renewable Energy 3

Linde Gas Hydrogen Production Today: Hydrogen as Industrial Gas - from Fossil Feedstocks 99% from fossil feedstocks thereof ~ 70% from natural gas Source: ECOFYS 2004 & DWV 4

Conventional Hydrogen Production Linde Gas Steam Methane Reforming CH 4 + 2 H 2 O 4 H 2 + CO 2 5

Renewable Hydrogen Production Options Linde Gas H 2 as Energy Storage for Renewable Energy Systems Very high potential - still high electricity acquisition costs (PV) or high distances from “H 2 demand centres” (SOT) RENEWABLE ENERGY Very high potential – due to a fluctuating availability, combined energy storage & H 2 production seems promising Potential has been made available – geographically limited – able to provide base load High potential - in particular the use of biogenous residues seems very promising Technology is not yet commercially available very high potential - able to provide base load 99% aus fossilen Quellen The use of bio feedstocks – in particular bio-residues – offers an economical viable option for renewable H 2 production in the short- to mid-term 6

Linde Gas Bio. Hydrogen Possible Pathways Bio. Hydrogen Product Technology Intermediat e Feedstock Steam Methane Reforming Gasification (Synthesis Gas & CO-Shift) Pyrolysis, Gasification/ Reforming, … Lignocellulosic Biomass (Straw, wood, …) Biogenous residues (e. g. organic industrial waste) Anaerobic exposure Biomethane from Biogas E. g. Organic Residues, Energy Crops, … 7

Process Scheme Linde Gas Steam Methane Reforming 8

Linde Gas Biomass Formation Photosynthesis Solar Energy Photosynthesis 6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O ðC 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2 Biomass = Stored Solar Energy 9

Linde Gas Worldwide Biomass Potential (IEA Scenario) 2008 Biomass Coal 2000 2010 Commercial Biomass 2020 1 Mtoe =11. 630 GWh = 4, 1868· 104 TJ (Mtoe = metric tons equivalent of oil) National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL): „…Potential of Biomass: 15% of the world‘s energy by 2050…“ Source: World Energy Outlook, International Energy Agency, 2005 10

Sustainable Hydrogen Production Linde Gas Classification of Potential – Net Cruising Range Source: Own Calculations; Concawe/EUCAR Well to Wheel. Study 2007; 11