Hydrocarbons Organic Chemistry Organic chemistry is the study

Hydrocarbons

Organic Chemistry • Organic chemistry is the study of carbon compounds. It’s the most versatile element on the table! • Animals, plants, and other forms of life consist of organic compounds. – Nucleic acids, proteins, fats, carbohydrates, enzymes, vitamins, and hormones are all organic compounds. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 14 | 2 Intro

Hydrocarbons • Hydrocarbons are the most simple organic compounds. • Hydrocarbons contain only carbon (C) and hydrogen (H), so they are covalent compounds. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 14 | 3 Section 14. 2

How to write a name The prefix for an alkane is important. It tells us how many carbons are part of the molecule. 1 Carbon = “Meth” 2 Carbons = “Eth” 3 Carbons = “Prop” 4 Carbons = “But” 5 Carbons = “Pent” 6 Carbons = “Hex” 7 Carbons = “Hept” 8 Carbons = “Oct” 9 Carbons = “Non” 10 Carbons = “Dec” The names of alkanes all end in “-ane. ” Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 14 | 4

Mnemonic for First Four Prefixes First four prefixes • • Meth. Eth. Prop. But- Monkeys Eat Peeled Bananas

How to write a formula • Alkanes are hydrocarbons that contain only single bonds. • Alkanes are said to be saturated hydrocarbons – The have the maximum number of hydrogen atoms possible. • Alkane general formula Cn. H(2 n + 2) Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 14 | 6 Section 14. 3

How to write a formula Alkane general formula Cn. H(2 n + 2) Copyright

Alkanes – What are they good for? • Methane = primary component of natural gas • Propane & Butane = primary component of bottled gas • Gasoline = pentane to decane • Kerosene = alkanes with n = 10 to 16 • Alkanes with n > 16 diesel fuel, fuel oil, petroleum jelly, paraffin wax, lubricating oil, and asphalt • Alkanes are found in paints, plastics, drugs, detergents, insecticides, and cosmetics. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 14 | 8 Section 14. 3

Hydrocarbons Practice Alkane general formula Cn. H(2 n + 2) Formula Name C 2 H 6 C 6 H 14 Heptane Propane Octane

Honors: Alkenes and Alkynes