HYDRO POWER PLANT PRESENTED BY NIRMA KUMARI SHARMA

HYDRO POWER PLANT PRESENTED BY NIRMA KUMARI SHARMA

HYDRO POWER �One of the most widely used renewable source of energy for generating electricity on large scale basis is hydropower �The power obtained from river or ocean water is called as hydropower �Hydropower is the renewable source of energy since water is available in large quantities from rain, rivers, and oceans and this is will be available for unlimited time to come

CLASSIFICATION OF HYDRO POWER PLANT �(1) BASED ON WATER FLOW REGULATION A) Run-off river hydro plants without pondage: �Used water as it comes, without any pondage

CLASSIFICATION OF HYDRO POWER PLANT

�(2)BASED ON LOAD �(a) Base load plant: - supply almost constant and operate at high load factor �Run off river plant without pondage and reservoir plants are used as base load plant �(b) Peak load plant: - pumped storage type power plant is an example of this type of power plant �(c) pumped storage type: - plant meet to supply peak loads.

�(3) BASED ON HEAD �(a) Low head plants: - water head is less than 30 m and Francis or Kaplan turbines are used. �(b) Medium head plants: - medium head plant operate at head between 30 and 100 meters. Francis or Kaplan turbines are used. �(c) High head plants: - operating at heads above 100 mt and Francis turbines are used for heads below 200 mt and pelton turbines for still higher heads.

ELEMENTS OF HYDRO POWER PLANT

� Storage Reservoir: -water harvested from the catchment area is stored in the reservoir which is then used to generate the electricity. � Dam: it is made in the path of the river to make the reservoir to hold the rain water. � Spillways: Spillways are made to make the dam safe. When level of water is exceeds some defined point, it will discharge through these spillways. � Forebay: when there is sudden change in the turbine load, in such cases there is need of temporary storage of water. This temporary storage of water near turbine is called as Forebay.

�Surge tank: surge tank is build in between dam and the valve house. It is used to take care of the system load fluctuations. �Penstock: it is water pipeline carrying water from dam to turbine. �Prime mover or turbine: it is the main part of the power station. It is coupled with the generator. Turbine is rotated by the flow of water. As it is coupled with the generator, generator also rotates which produces electricity. �Powerhouse: it consists of turbine, alternator and electrical equipment. �Tail races: outlet water of the turbine is discharged to the river trough tail races.

ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGES �ADVANTAGES: 1. Once a dam is constructed, electricity can be produced at a constant rate. 2. If electricity is not needed, the sluice gates can be shut, stopping electricity generation. The water can be saved for use another time when electricity demand is high. 3. Dams are designed to last many decades and so can contribute to the generation of electricity for many years / decades.

� 4. The lake that forms behind the dam can be used for water sports and leisure / pleasure activities. Often large dams become tourist attractions in their own right. 5. The lake's water can be used for irrigation purposes. 6. The build up of water in the lake means that energy can be stored until needed, when the water is released to produce electricity. 7. When in use, electricity produced by dam systems do not produce green house gases. They do not pollute the atmosphere

� DISADVANATGES: 1. Dams are extremely expensive to build and must be built to a very high standard. 2. The high cost of dam construction means that they must operate for many decades to become profitable. 3. The flooding of large areas of land means that the natural environment is destroyed. 4. People living in villages and towns that are in the valley to be flooded, must move out. This means that they lose their farms and businesses. In some countries, people are forcibly removed so that hydro-power schemes can go ahead. in the stone work from ‘rising damp’ caused by the changing water table level.

� 5. The building of large dams can cause serious geological damage. For example, the building of the Hoover Dam in the USA triggered a number of earth quakes and has depressed the earth’s surface at its location. 6. Although modern planning and design of dams is good, in the past old dams have been known to be breached (the dam gives under the weight of water in the lake). This has led to deaths and flooding.

� 7. Dams built blocking the progress of a river in one country usually means that the water supply from the same river in the following country is out of their control. This can lead to serious problems between neighboring countries. � 8. Building a large dam alters the natural water table level. For example, the building of the Aswan Dam in Egypt has altered the level of the water table. This is slowly leading to damage of many of its ancient monuments as salts and destructive minerals are deposited

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