Hydraulics modelling software HYDRAULICS MODELLING SOFTWARE COMMENTS ON

Hydraulics modelling software HYDRAULICS MODELLING SOFTWARE COMMENTS ON HISTORY, RESEARCH, MARKET, DEVELOPMENT & AVAILABILITY 14/02/2022 Dr. J. A. Cunge 1

Hydraulics modelling software RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT: EVOLUTION BY INTERACTION BETWEEN CONCEPTUALISATION, FORMULATION, NUMERICAL ALGORITHMS AND TOOLS (hardware & software ) 14/02/2022 Dr. J. A. Cunge 2

Hydraulics modelling software conceptualisation computational hydraulics applications DEVELOPPEMENT MECHANISM Informatic tools 14/02/2022 Dr. J. A. Cunge 3

Hydraulics modelling software MARKET AND APPLICATIONS INTERACTION BETWEEN: - DEMAND - STATE OF KNOWLEDGE - AVAILABILITY OF THE TOOLS 14/02/2022 Dr. J. A. Cunge 4

Hydraulics modelling software TWO KINDS OF DEMAND, TWO KINDS OF EVOLUTION : - TECHNICAL, INTEGRATING NEW KNOWLEDGE - COMMERCIAL/ EVERYDAY ENGINEERING EVOLUTION OF THE TECHNICAL DEMAND EXAMPLE OF RESERVOIR STUDIES 14/02/2022 Dr. J. A. Cunge 5

Hydraulics modelling software Reservoir hydraulics problem until 1960 h = h (Q, x), v = Q/A Schoklitsch, Rühlmann, Tolkmitt: or Bresse: 14/02/2022 Dr. J. A. Cunge 6

Hydraulics modelling software EVOLUTION OF THE TECHNICAL DEMAND : STRONG DEMAND : 1960 - 1970 1 D wave propagation following turbines and gates manoeuvres unsteady 2 D vertical, variable density (heat, sediments, salinity) 1980 steady state flow 1 D backwater WEAK DEMAND : Until 2000 - unsteady 3 D, variable density, water quality, ecosystems 14/02/2022 Dr. J. A. Cunge 7

Hydraulics modelling software • 30 YEARS OF STRONG TECHNICAL DEMAND DUE TO NEEDS OF ENGINEERING WORKS • BUT « soft » TECHNICAL DEMAND: SOCIAL COST AND WATER QUALITY DID NOT FIND THEIR EXPRESSION IN BUDGET TERMS IN DECISION MAKING AND MANAGEMENT 14/02/2022 Dr. J. A. Cunge 8

Hydraulics modelling software 1990 -2000: • explosive COMMERCIAL DEMAND FOR HYDRAULICS SIMULATION TOOLS DUE TO Ø NEEDS OF ENGINEERING WORKS Ø GLOBAL USE & SOFTWARE APPLICATIONS, EXISTENCE OF INDUSTRIAL SOFTWARE ØPROACTIVE MARKETING OF EXISTNG INDUSTRIAL SOFTWARE • VERY LIMITED COMMERCIAL DEMAND FOR SOCIAL COST AND WATER QUALITY TOOLS 14/02/2022 Dr. J. A. Cunge 9

Hydraulics modelling software 1990 - 2000 EXPLOSIVE DEVELOPMENT AND USE OF PCs - EXPLOSIVE MARKETING AND USE OF INDUSTRIAL MODELLING SOFTWARE • • • CONCEPT OF « ENCAPSULATED TECHNOLOGY » 4 th GENERATION OF MODELS CONCEPT OF BRILLIANT FUTURE OF IA AND 5 th GENERATION => FLOP! CONCEPT OF HYDROINFORMATICS 14/02/2022 Dr. J. A. Cunge 10

Hydraulics modelling software 2000 - 2014 GENERALISATION OF THE USE OF SIMULATION TOOLS IN ENGINEERING ACTIVITIES STABILISATION OF THE MARKET OF THE TOOLS WITH LIMITED NUMBERS OF MAIN ACTORS RESEARCH DEVELOPMENTS CONCERNING ALGORITHMS WITHOUT BEING APPLIED IN MARKETED SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENTS FOR WATER QUALITY AND ECOHYDRAULICS BUT LIMITED APPLICATIONS - HYDROINFORMATICS – MANAGEMENT OF INFORMATION IN WATER SECTOR (MODELLING, NETWORKS, RESERVOIRS, FLOODS). 14/02/2022 Dr. J. A. Cunge 11

Hydraulics modelling software conceptualisation informatics tools 1995 HYDROINFORMATICS 1996 M. B. Abbott 1985 4 th GENERATION 1986 DHI 1987 3 rd GENERATION IAHR Committee 1960 2 nd GENERATION SOGREAH, A. Preissmann 1953 J. J. Stoker GIS, UNIX MAINFRAMES - IBM 340 FORTRAN IBM 650 1 st application 1927 CFL – numerical theory 1895 Massau & characteristics 1871 B. de St. -Venant equations 14/02/2022 Dr. J. A. Cunge 12

UNSA – Hydro Europe Software, models and simulation conceptualisation informatics tools Modelling software and Future ? ? ? expertise as the service ? ? ? 2005 -2014 - 3 D & 2 D models & market availbale software with hundred thousands points of the grid. Integration of facilitators (GIS, ARC) and fluid and pollution modelling. Some understanding of the uncertainty of numerical modelling results (SIMHYDRO) Parallel computation Cluster networks New lap-top capacities INTERNET !!! - 1990 -2014 Massive marketing of “encapsulated” modelling software Massive use of modelling with market available codes: MIKE, TELEMAC & MASCARET, DELFT 3 D, ISIS, HEC, etc. 14/02/2022 Dr. J. A. Cunge 13

Hydraulics modelling software SINCE 1995? è Conceptualisation – NOTHING REALLY NEW è Algorithms - INDIVIDUAL RESULTS (Guinot, Kutija, …) NOT INTEGRATED IN COMMERCIAL CODES è Massive applications : • engineering studies • encapsulation (management & forecasting systems) ▬►ICT developments independent of modelling needs STAGNATION ? 14/02/2022 Dr. J. A. Cunge 14

Hydraulics modelling software NUMERICAL METHODS USED : Ø Finite Differences Method (FDM) Ø Finite Elements Method (FEM) Ø Finite Volumes Method PROGRESS IN NUMERICS: Ø Detailed treatment of discontinuities (jumps, shocks) Ø Better understanding of boundary conditions for 2 D BUT NOT INTEGRATED IN COMMERCIAL CODES!!! WHY? 14/02/2022 Dr. J. A. Cunge 15

Hydraulics modelling software LACK OF DEMAND LACK OF INSTITUTIONAL FINANCING WEAK PROFIT MARGINS OF ENGINEERING 14/02/2022 Dr. J. A. Cunge REFUSAL OF INVESTMENT RISKS 16

Hydraulics modelling software TALKING ABOUT ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS NEW SINCE 2000: - 2 D AND 3 D MODELS USING HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS COMPUTATIONAL POINTS! NOVELTIES THANKS TO THE COMPUTER AND ICT EVOLUTION BUT NO PROGRESS IN MATHEMATICAL OR PHYSICAL UNDERSTANDING LINKS WITH DATA PROCESSING (GIS, DTM, etc. ) AND GRAPHICAL TREATMENT OF RESULTS 14/02/2022 Dr. J. A. Cunge 17

Hydraulics modelling software MODELLING CODES – CURRENT SITUATION • INDUSTRIAL DIVISION OF WORK DEVELOPERS/USERS • AVAILABILITY OF INDUSTRIAL CODES ON THE MARKET TWO ILLUSIONS : « EVERYTHING can be found free on the WEB » « We can develop this ourselves from “open software” » !!! 14/02/2022 Dr. J. A. Cunge 18

Hydraulics modelling software • RESULTS OF HISTORICAL EVOLUTION 1980 1990 In Europe: - Emergence of suppliers of industrial-quality codes - Impossibility within market framework to catch up with the latter (prohibitive costs) - Two types of users * those who have real expertise * «slaves» of 2 or 3 codes, limited to standard applications 14/02/2022 Dr. J. A. Cunge 19

Hydraulics modelling software Golden age: high margins, Strong demand Industrial age : weak margins, Ferocious competition, new kind of demand traditional consultants Engineering companies High Tech: laboratories developers and modellers Survive with obsolete, no investment, hidden maintenance costs Users of industrial codes Developers and suppliers of encapsulated products 1980 14/02/2022 1999 1990 Dr. J. A. Cunge 20

Hydraulics modelling software SOME APPLIED MARKET AVAILABLE CODES: RIVERS AND INUNDABLE PLAINS ONE DIMENSIONAL PROBLEMS (1 -D) 14/02/2022 Dr. J. A. Cunge 21

Hydraulics modelling software l l MIKE 11 Owner: DHI (Denmark) Developer: DHI (Denmark) Owner: Developer: HALCROW (UK) & Wallingford Research (UK) ISIS MASCARET Owner: Developer: EDF (France) EDF (Fraance) Owner: Delft Hydraulics (NL) Déveloper: Delft Hydraulics (NL) SOBEK 14/02/2022 Dr. J. A. Cunge 22

Hydraulics modelling software Free of charge available code: HEC RAS Developer & Owner: US Army Corps of Engineers 14/02/2022 Dr. J. A. Cunge 23

Hydraulics modelling software SOME OF MARKET AVAILABLE CODES: RIVERS AND INUNDABLE PLAINS , COASTAL AREAS TWO DIMENSIONAL PROBLEMS (2 -D) 14/02/2022 Dr. J. A. Cunge 24

Hydraulics modelling software l l MIKE 21 Owner: Developer: DHI (Denmark) TELEMAC 2 -D Owner: EDF (France) Developer: EDF (France) Commercialisation: ARTELIA Group (FR), HR Wallingford 14/02/2022 Dr. J. A. Cunge 25

Hydraulics modelling software l Delft 3 D/2 D Owner: Developer: 14/02/2022 Delft Hydraulics Dr. J. A. Cunge (NL) 26

Hydraulics modelling software Near Future possibilities Ø Ø “CLOUD COMPUTING” Software as a Service (Saa. S) 40% of USA companies in 2009 !!! Ø Infrastructure as a Service (Iaa. S) Ø Platform as a Service (Paas) And. . . In egngineering & modelling: Software & Expertise as a Service 14/02/2022 Dr. J. A. Cunge 27

Hydraulics modelling software Ø INTEGRATION OF DENSE TELESENSOR NETWORKS WITHIN MODELLING PRACTICE & REAL-TIME MANAGEMENT, DRONES Ø MASSIVE APPLICATION OF GPUs (graphical processing units) instead CPUs Ø FORM- RECOGNITION TECHNOLOGY (using GPUs) TO SCENARIO CHOICE FOR REAL-TIME MANAGEMENT 14/02/2022 Dr. J. A. Cunge 28