Hydraulic hybrid drivetrains for on and offroad vehicles
Hydraulic hybrid drivetrains for on- and off-road vehicles Jan-Ove Palmberg Linköping University Mobile hydraulics Industrial hydraulics
50 -100% Wheel Loader Excavator 50% Articulated Hauler Lorry Crane 100% Forest Harvester 100% Forklift Boomer
Three examples of HHVs CATERPILLAR Excavator 50% increased fuel efficiency (ton/liter) PEUGEOT/CITROEN Demonstrator 35% reduced fuel consumption 0. 20 l/10 km PARKER HANNIFIN Garbage truck >43% reduced fuel consumption fuel economy improvement 38% Main selling points are affordability (pay back time) and reliability (robustness)
Hydraulic Hybrid Systems Ø Parallel Hybrid Series Hydraulic Hybrid Ø Series Hybrid Ø Advanced Series Hybrid (i. e. with IVT Transm. ) Typical improvement 20% 30% 50% Primary unit Parker Energy Secondary unit Run. Wisestorage Advanced Series Hybrid piston accumulator Truck chassi rails
A recent simulation study of a large wheel loader based on realistic component data Gravel pile Typical work application, “short loader-cycle” Ref: Filla, 2005
Measured power output of diesel engine during the load cycle, baseline machine ~260 k. W Engine sized for peak power _ Power Average power demand only ~60% peak power + Time Department, Name, Document name, Security Class 6 ~30 s Date
Simulation results of a hydraulic hybrid system Work hydraulics Propulsion system Fuel consumption Baseline [100%] 45% 22% 49% Common pressure rail
How About. Criteria Hydraulic Important for Energy Transmission Systems? VG Controllability Productivity VG /$ /kg /m 3 VG ? Energy- Availability Robustness VG efficiency Thehydrostatic hydraulic The paradox (Pascal) The trade off /EIU VG
50 years ago pumps and motors were developed with a sweet point efficiency of 96% Parker (Volvo Hydraulics) Now digital displacement pumps/motors are available with excellent part load efficiency Mitsubishi (Artemis) Bosch (Hägglunds) For the first time hydraulics has real competition New innovations - game changers are now coming rapidly
Comparison of Motive Power Machines DD Hydraulic Pump/Motor UQM Powerphase HD 150 Peak Rated 1. 8 1. 1 Power density (k. W/kg) 2 Torque density (Nm/kg) 8 5. 9 96 95 Efficiency Cost €/k. W (%) 30 240 390
Energy Storage Comparison to electric-based transient storage solutions Accumulator Carbon Fibre Stated Rated Peak Power density (k. W/kg) 14 3. 2 0. 4 1. 3 Energy density (k. J/kg) 13 Round trip efficiency (%) With foam Cost € /k. J 94 Cost € /k. W Cycle life • • Li-Ion Battery 1. 6 98 0. 75 1, 000 21 Supercap 2. 1 475 14. 4 81 92 0. 24 9 170 3000 – 7000 51 10 1, 000 A comparison of off-the-shelf hydraulic and special-purpose electric energy storage media shows that accumulators have superior efficiency The most dramatic difference is in the cost, where hydraulic accumulators are far cheaper than electric alternatives.
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Timewith for athe fight! Starting swing!! the only “calm” movement of an excavator, thereby well fitted for electrical actuation! Hydraulic Hybrid vs Electric Hybrid
Typical Excavator Power Distribution Actuator work 30% Meter-In Losses 23% Meter-Out Losses 20% Pump Losses 19% Parasitic Losses 8%
Cat has released a new Hydraulic Hybrid Excavator. Shipping started March 2013 50% increased fuel efficiency Less noise Gray says: “Customers will be able to pay for it within 12 months, or 2, 000 hours, ” “To us, a seven year payback on an electrical hybrid doesn’t make sense. ”
Why hydraulic hybrids? Productivity for money EH Robustness, availability, proven components HH Power density/ compactness Market acceptance
Sea. A nge l no 1 Turning Torso The 7 MW Mitsubishi Sea. Angel is currently being assembled with a tip height of 193. 5 meters and a 167 meter rotor diameter. Hunterston, Scotland
Extra slides
Hyd r aul ic Electric
Best prototype results for Manhattan Bus driving cycle Source: United States Environmental Protection Agency – EPA Carbon Trust - UK Artemis HEDDAT 2, BMW Best Hydraulic Hybrid Best Electric Hybrid Baseline We have a winner! Distance per litre Why is the interest in industry and among research founding org. focused on electrical hybrids? ? ?
hydraulic hybrid electric
Preparing a low CO 2 roadmap for buses. Ricardo. Final Report – updated 3 July 2013
Payback time (yrs) City buses in England % WTW CO 2 Saving Preparing a low CO 2 roadmap for buses. Ricardo. Final Report – updated 3 July 2013 Hydraulic series hybrid best choice with less than 3 years payback time (generation 1)
BRAKE ENERGY RECOVERY 71% HYDRAULIC VS. 21% ELECTRIC
2003 -2008 four demonstrator cars were built by Artemis IP 2008 demonstrator BMW 530 i with HHV European urban: less than half the fuel motors accumulator pump
Game changers 7 MW hydrostatic transmission with accumulators
Game changers >4 k. W/kg
DOE - Dept. of Energy in the USA wanted to know how much of America's total energy consumption was transmitted by "Fluid Power" 2012. Oak Ridge National Laboratory Estimating the Impact (Energy, Emissions and Economics) of the U. S. Fluid Power Industry
3% Del av USAs totala energiförbrukning 3% Lågt hängande frukter till vänster! Men uppmärksamheten åt höger! Halverad energiförbrukning i ett första steg!
Safety of energy storages • all types of energy storages are potentially dangerous • hydraulic energy storages have a low risk factor • there is long experience in assessing risks An electrical chair A hydraulic barber chair
HYBRID VOLTAGE Already 60 Volts can kill you! Courtesy of Oxford Fire-EMS
Comparisons should be correct and fair! Co mp os it a cc th wi . m a fo
Light weight, reliable and controllable Two examples of HHVs on the market today Hybrid energy transmission systems one way of achieving More energy efficient power transmissions for vehicles, vessels and crafts Affordable, efficient and reliable Compact, safe and quiet
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