Hyaline Cartilage Connective Tissue Composed of collagen fibers

Hyaline Cartilage - Connective Tissue Composed of collagen fibers surrounded by a rubbery matrix Less hard and more flexible than bone Support the larynx, attaches ribs to sternum, covers the ends of bones, and makes up the entire fetal skeleton

Fibrocartilage and Elastic Cartilage Fibrocartilage is highly compressible and forms the cushion-like discs between vertebrae Elastic cartilage is found where elasticity is needed such as the outer ear.

Dense Fibrous Connective Tissue Cells are fibroblasts or fiber forming cells Matrix is mostly collagen fibers Forms strong ropelike structures like ligaments and tendons • Ligaments join bone to bone • Tendons attach muscle to bone Also makes up the lower layers of the skin

Areolar Connective Tissue Most widely distributed connective tissue Matrix contains all fiber types in a loose network making the tissue soft and pliable Wraps organs to cushion and protect them Holds organs together and in place Can soak up excess fluid

Adipose Connective Tissue Commonly called fat this tissue is areolar tissue in which fat globules predominate Cells contain a large oil droplet that pushes cell contents to the sides and make cells appear empty Under the skin to insulates the body Surrounds some organs like the kidneys for protection Fat cell deposits serve fuel storage

Reticular Connective Tissue Delicate network of interwoven reticular fibers Matrix fibers form a framework to support the lymph nodes, spleen, and bone marrow

Vascular Connective Tissue Blood cells surrounded by a fluid matrix called plasma Matrix fibers are visible during clotting Functions as the transport vehicle for materials

TISSUE TYPE #3 MUSCLE TISSUE

Muscle Tissue Function is to produce movement and does so by contracting or shortening Skeletal Cardiac Smooth -Under involuntary control -Under voluntarily control -Packaged into organs by sheets of connective tissue and connected to the skeleton -Found only in the heart -Under involuntary control and functions to pump blood -Long, cylindrical cells that shorten to pull bones and produce movement -Cells are short and branching and they fit tightly together with gap junctions to allow for fast impulses across the muscle -Cells are striated -Contain many nuclei -One nucleus per cell -Surrounds hollow organs such as esophagus, stomach, intestines, bladder, uterus, and blood vessels -Spindle shaped cells contract and relax to push substances through the organ -No visible striations -One nucleus per cell

TISSUE TYPE #4 NERVOUS TISSUE

Nervous Tissue Neurons and supporting cells Neurons have long extensions up to three feet which receive and send impulses from one part of the body to others Supporting cells insulate and protect neurons

Tissue Repair (Wound Healing) • Regeneration: the replacement of destroyed tissue by the same kind of cells • Fibrosis: repair by dense connective tissue, that is, by the formation of scar tissue • Which occurs depends on the type of tissue damaged and the severity of the injury

Tissue Injury: Let’s Repair! The capillaries become very permeable Granulation tissue forms The surface epithelium regenerates

Developmental Aspects of Cells and Tissues • Neoplasm: an abnormal growth of cells; sometimes cancerous • Hyperplasia: The enlargement of certain body tissues because of some local irritant or condition that stimulates the cells • Atrophy: a reduction in size or wasting away of an organ or cell resulting from disease or lack of use

ideas • Apoptosis • Antioxidants