Human Trafficking Judy Hale Reed Lauren Sullivan judy

Human Trafficking Judy Hale Reed, Lauren Sullivan judy. hale. reed@gmail. com, sulliv 13@duq. edu Western PA Human Trafficking Coalition Duquesne University Human Trafficking Training [DATE HERE]

Presentation Objectives What is human trafficking? How does a trafficker exert control over another person? What populations are vulnerable to traffickers? What does human trafficking look like globally, nationally, and in Pittsburgh? What can I do to combat trafficking?

Trafficking Defined a. Commercial sex acts induced by force, fraud, or coercion, or in which the person induced to perform such acts is under 18 years old b. Recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision, or obtaining of a person for labor or services using force, fraud, or coercion to subject the individual to involuntary servitude

Trafficking Defined Trafficking Victims Protection Act (TVPA) of 2000 Defined human trafficking Made human trafficking a federal crime Created sentencing guidelines for traffickers Provided victims (“survivors”) with access to federal benefits

Types of Trafficking Sex Trafficking Adults: Force, fraud, or coercion Minors: No proof of force, fraud, or coercion required Labor Trafficking Force, fraud, or coercion Includes Domestic Servitude

Force Kidnapping Physical violence, rape, sexual abuse, harassment Confinement, use of restraints Denial of food, water, medical care, contraceptives, condoms, communication, etc Removal of children Concealment of whereabouts to friends/family

Fraud Promises of immigration or travel documents Required to perform work other than agreed upon Promises of salary or compensation that never materializes Misrepresentation of work/conditions of work

Coercion Debt bondage Threats of serious harm to victim or victim’s friends/family Trafficker controls victim’s contact with friends/family Threatening to use pictures against victim Withholding documents Punishment of others Quotas Verbal or psychological abuse

Vulnerable Populations Minors – “hello” Homeless, esp. youth, LGBT Drug/alcohol abusers Mentally challenged Uneducated Cultural background People without language skills Former convicts/arrestees

Vulnerable Pops. - cont “I didn’t believe in police. I really believed what my trafficker said. My trafficker said they would put you in jail; they will send you back…she said in this country, dogs have more rights. And I believe, I believe everything she said because she has been living here a long time, she knows, she speaks English, she has money, everything, and I didn’t have anything. ” -”Esperanza” Trafficking Survivor

Human Trafficking vs. Alien Smuggling Individuals consent to smuggling Contract ends after border crossing Smugglers physically move "customers" Human Trafficking Victims do not consent to their situations Forced exploitation of a person for labor/services Crime against person's fundamental rights Occurs domestically and Always internationally Crime against the border Crime against the person

Worldwide Stats (2012 TIP Report) 20. 9 million estimated in forced labor and forced prostitution around the world (ILO) 7, 206 trafficking prosecutions; 508 labor 4, 239 trafficking convictions; 237 labor 41, 210 victims identified

Western Hemisphere Stats (North, South, Central America, 2012 TIP Report) 1, 023 trafficking prosecutions; 42 labor 318 trafficking convictions; 52 labor 9, 839 victims identified

Industries Labor Trafficking Sweatshop factories Migrant agricultural work Restaurant work Hotel/motel housekeeping Construction/ Landscaping Magazine sales crews Cattle and sheep herding Domestic Servitude Elder care facilities Housekeeping Hair braiding Child rearing Nail salons Commercial Sex Prostitution Dancing Pornography Live sex shows Brothels

Different Crimes Overlap Prostitutio n Smuggli ng UNCLASSIFIED Trafficki ng

The Victim – U. S. Citizens Push Factors Discord at home Homelessness Mental health or addiction problems Pull Factors Better paying jobs/pay off debt “Loving” partner Availability of drugs/alcohol Food, shelter, material possessions

The Victim – Foreign Nationals Push Factors – Origin/ Transit Countries War Repression Economy Same issues as domestic victims Pull Factors – Destination Countries Better paying jobs/pay off debt Promises of better life False marriages Recruitment by traffickers

The Victim – Foreign Nationals Vulnerable Visa Pattern 1 Recruiter in home country Promised income Debt in exchange for visa Debt manipulated Harsh conditions Deportation threats Vulnerable Visa Pattern 2 Recruiter as visa is expiring/overstay Promised visa extension Debt in exchange for extension Identity documents taken Deportation threats Harsh conditions

Indicators Was the victim recruited for one job but forced to engage in a different job? Was the victim a juvenile? Was the victim compelled to perform sexual acts? Did the victim have freedom of movement? Did the victim have contact with family or friends?

Indicators - cont. Was the victim deprived of food, water, sleep, medical care, or other necessities? Was the victim or victim’s family threatened if the victim attempted to flee? Was the victim threatened with deportation or law enforcement action? Was the victim’s salary garnished to pay debts? Was the victim in possession of identification documents?

Western PA Human Trafficking Coalition The coalition is a victim-focused, collaborative effort between social service organizations, government agencies, advocacy groups, religious organizations, academia, concerned citizens, and law enforcement to combat human trafficking

Western PA Human Trafficking Coalition Mission: develop and maintain a network of people and agencies to educate the community about human trafficking and to provide and coordinate emergent support to survivors.

Western PA Human Trafficking Coalition Food Lodging Clothing Physical healthcare Mental healthcare Legal assistance Language/ESL classes Transportation

Contact Information. Nonprofits Polaris Project 1 -888 -3737 -888 Confidential help and information 24/7 http: //www. polarisproject. org Project to End Human Trafficking 412 -578 -6478 http: //www. endhumantrafficking. org

Contact Information. Gov. Agencies FBI Pittsburgh Civil Rights Hotline 412 -432 -4122 Homeland Security Investigations (HSI) 1 -866 -347 -2423 http: //www. dhs. gov/humantrafficking In an emergency, call 911

“I freed a thousand slaves, I could have freed a thousand more if only they knew they were slaves. ” -Harriet Tubman

Conclusion Human trafficking is a growing problem in Pittsburgh and throughout the world A unified approach is necessary to identify victims and investigate/prosecute traffickers Questions?