Human Trafficking A Different Kind of Victim DCC

Human Trafficking: A Different Kind of Victim DCC Iain Livingstone, Crime and Operational Support

Introduction • • • Police Scotland – a new National Force Combating Human Trafficking. What's changed? A different kind of victim Case studies Conclusion

Policing Scotland • Area of 28, 168 square miles • Population of 5. 4 million people • 17, 300 Police Officers, 6500 Police Staff, 1, 300 Special Constables • Annual budget of £ 1. 1 billion • Estate of 850 police buildings • Second largest force in UK • Purpose – Improve the safety and wellbeing of people, places and communities in Scotland • Focus – Keeping people safe

Legacy Structure

Need for Change • Driven by… • Inefficiencies; • Duplication; • Bureaucracy; • Austerity; • Accountability.

Programme Stages Objectives of Reform • To protect and improve local services despite financial cuts; • To create more equal access to specialist support and national capacity; • To strengthen the connection between services and communities.

Chief Constable Sir Stephen House DCC Designate DCC N Richardson DCC Local Policing DCC R Fitzpatrick Director Finance Director HR Director Corp’ Services Director ICT Mrs J Murray Mr J Gillies Mrs S Mitchellll Mr M Leven DCC Commonwealth Games and Major Events DCC Crime and Operational Support DCC S Allen ACC Local Policing North ACC C Thomson ACC Local Policing West ACC W Mawson ACC Local Policing East ACC M Mc. Cormick DCC I Livingstone ACC Operational Support Division ACC B Higgins ACC Org. Crime CT & Safer Comm. ACC R Nicolson ACC Major Crime and Public Protection ACC M Graham

14 Divisions Key: Division 1 Aberdeen City Division 2 Aberdeenshire and Moray Division 3 Tayside Division 4 Highland Islands Division 5 Forth Valley Division 6 Edinburgh City Division 7 The Lothians and Scottish Borders Division 8 Fife Division 9 Glasgow Division 10 Ayrshire Division 11 Lanarkshire Division 12 Argyll and Bute & West Dunbartonshire Division 13 Renfrewshire and Inverclyde Division 14 Dumfries and Galloway 4 4 2 3 12 8 5 13 9 11 10 14 6 7 1

Specialist Crime Division Governance Deputy Chief Constable Iain Livingstone Crime & Operational Support Assistant Chief Constable Ruaraidh Nicolson Organised Crime, Counter Terrorism & Safer Communities Assistant Chief Constable Malcolm Graham Major Crime & Public Protection Major Crime Public Protection & Divisional Crime Intelligence Support, Coordination & Safer Communities Organised Crime & Counter Terrorism

Legacy Structure - Trafficking • ACPO(S) Lead – Serious and Organised Crime • Strathclyde Vice and Trafficking Unit • SCDEA – Human Trafficking Co-ordination Unit • ACPO(S) Strategic & Tactical Groups • Eight different force priorities

Human Trafficking – what's changed? • • Police Scotland Strategic Group Police Scotland Tactical Group Police Scotland Partners Group National Human Trafficking Unit • 14 Divisional Human Trafficking Champions

National Human Trafficking Unit • Public Protection Unit • Scottish Crime Campus, Gartcosh • Specialist Crime Departments • Partner Law Enforcement Agencies

Resources • Victim Care Strategy • e-learning package • Standard Operating Procedure • Human Trafficking Handbook • Interview Strategies

Commonwealth Games 2014 • Action Plan • Intelligence Requirement • No increase in trafficking • Increase in enquiries

Human Trafficking • April 2014 – NHTU Statistics • 73 Incidents • 17 Crimes (some outwith Scotland) • 6 Reports submitted (Police Scotland)

Different Kind of Victim Difficulties include: • • • Language Geography Vulnerability Fear Traumatisation

Victims encountered • Don’t want to enter the NRM • Don’t wish support services assistance • Don’t see themselves as victims of trafficking • Legally in UK • BUT - They are a victim of a crime

Victim Vulnerability • • Debt Bonded Alcohol or drug dependent Mental health issues Vulnerable due to age • • Homeless Jobless Legal or illegal migrant Can’t speak english

EU Directive 2011/36 Article 8 – “member states shall take all necessary steps to ensure that they are entitled not to prosecute or impose penalties on victims of trafficking”

Romanian Female victim • Engaged as prostitute • Working in flat • Police attend, due to complaints • Male has paid for flights, adverts and rented flat • The female is a victim

Op Zelezny • Vulnerable males recruited • • Poor pay No health & safety equipment Living on site No access to medical assistance • Did not see themselves as victims

Cannabis Cultivation • • Premises discovered Vietnamese nationals detained No identity documents Reports to be under 18 No social work age assessment Police Report submitted to COPFS Appropriate remarks in Report NRM forms completed

Conclusion • • • Legal and moral duty Identify and support victims Partnership Working International Engagement New approach in Police Scotland, focused, victim centered