Human Terrain System No terrain is more important

Human Terrain System "No terrain is more important than the Human Terrain. “ GEN Allen, CDR ISAF 2 MAY 12 Overall Brief is UNCLASSIFIED

Human Terrain System Origin/Problem Solution Current efforts Path Forward Potential for working together 2 UNCLASSIFIED

Human Terrain System 3 UNCLASSIFIED

Specific Capability Gaps Human Terrain System • • Insufficient understanding of target area culture & its impact on operational decisions; insufficient or ineffective transfer of knowledge to follow-on units Limited Joint, Service, or Interagency capability (organization, methods, and tools) to conduct research, visualize, understand, and explain human terrain (local population) BCTs, RCTs, and Div-level HQs lacked operationally relevant human terrain knowledge base & social science staff experts necessary to optimize MDMP Commanders limited by lack of a Joint, Service, and Interagency integrated capability (people, organization, methods, tools) to effectively gather/consolidate, analyze, visualize, understand, database, and share socio-cultural information. HTS answering Joint Need “US Forces continue to operate in Afghanistan lacking the required resident and reach-back socio-cultural expertise, understanding, and advanced automated tools to conduct in-depth collection / consolidation, visualization, and analysis of the operationally-relevant socio-cultural factors of the battle space. ” AF JUONS (unclass) “Human terrain knowledge deficiencies exist at all command echelons…detailed knowledge of host populations is critical in areas where US forces are being increased to conduct counterinsurgency and stability operations in Iraq. US forces continue to operate in Iraq without real-time knowledge of the drivers of the behavior within the host population. This greatly limits Commanders’ situational awareness and creates greater risks forces. ” IZ JUONS (unclass) 4 UNCLASSIFIED

Human Terrain System Mission Human Terrain System HTS develops, trains, and integrates a social science based research and analysis capability to support operationally relevant decisionmaking, to develop a knowledge base, and to enable sociocultural understanding across the operational environment. USMC International Affairs Officer Program (IAOP) Mission Identify, select, and train a corps of International Affairs Marines for future assignments on tactical, operational, and strategic-level Marine Corps staffs, Joint and Combined staffs, and for duty with interagency organizations and the Defense Attaché System in order to improve MAGTF plans, operations, security assistance, and intelligence efforts with cultural, language and regional expertise. Mission similarity: Sociocultural and cultural, language, regional expertise Embedded and Staff Support Joint, Combined, Interagency UNCLASSIFIED 5

Current HTS Support to ISAF Human Terrain System Contingency Funded Capabilities: Team Research & Support Requests Research Reachback Center (RRC) HTS Admin & logistics support TNG Project Mngmt/ KM CMIP interface; integrate, aggregate and archive team products Theater Support Office (TSO) HTS Products posted on: NIPR, Share. Point, CENTRIX, CIDNE Enduring Capabilities: Army sociocultural research & analysis capability (FY 11 -15 Army Base Budget (MIP) & OCO) • Recruiting unique skill sets • Training: Individual and team • Sociocultural Reachback Research Center • Project management (capability development, lessons learned, doctrine, engagement) • KM (data repositories and MAP-HT) Ad m in & RR C Re se ar ch Su p po rt Human Terrain Team (HTT) -Gather data in respective geographic areas -Conduct sociocultural analysis to support unit operational decision making process UNCLASSIFIED Theater Coordination Element (TCE) Human Terrain Analysis Team (HTAT) Social Science Research & Analysis (SSRA) -Aggregate and integrate HTT information & conduct further analysis Contracted indigenous, theater-wide survey capability 6

Human Terrain Information and Data Human Terrain System Unstructured Information Structured Data • Published reports, flat files • Teams disseminate to multiple repositories • Geo-referenced reports • Way Ahead: Single repository posting, Human Terrain Knowledge Center. • Utilizing existing community standards for data schemas. • Maintaining consistency with DCGS -A data standards. • Data sets support logical build and opportunity for geospatial and temporal analysis. CIDNE BCT Portal Ti. GR Tactical Entity Database INDURE RC-x Portal HT/CA Data Model (DCGS-A) Global Graph (DSC) ISAF-IJC Portal NGA Human Geography Themes NIPR HTKC CX-I HTKC SIPR HTKC Demographics Religion Language Ethnicity Transportation Economy Education Land Use Medical/Health Political/Ideological Communication/Media Significant Events Water DSF COP Layers 7 UNCLASSIFIED

HTS Core Curriculum Overview Human Terrain System INPROCESSING (5 Days) 55 Training Days FOUNDATIONS SKILLS (10 Days) Rsch Ops (5 Days) INDIVIDUAL TRACK TRAINING (10 days) Graduation and Transition to DAC Ceremony RESEARCH OPERATIONS (25 Days) RESEARCH OPS EXERCISE (10 days) Pre. Mobilization ( 5 Days) DEPLOY to FPLA (9 Weeks) then to THEATER Team Dynamics and Effectiveness Culture and Language Program (20 x 2 hour sessions) Foundations (10 days): mission & organization of HTS, Army organization & values, how BCT commanders and staffs see the world, process information, and make decisions, & team dynamics (including practical exercises) Research Operations (25 days): the HTS Core Competency – how to design, conduct, and report operationally relevant socio-cultural research as part of an HTS team; ethics in research. Individual Track Training (10 days): the individual skills and knowledge required by each respective position. Research Operations Exercise (10 days): students form into teams; learning, demonstrating, and being assessed on the HTT collective and individual tasks. Culture and Language (20 sessions threaded throughout): relevant culture and regional language. UNCLASSIFIED

HTS Teams Human Terrain System • Regionally focused, modular, special staff capability – Attached on orders to and in direct support of the BCT / RCT, PRT, Division/MEF/Regional Command, & Corps/Theatre – Support Coalition Forces (Regional Command, Brigade, PRT) • Team composition: – Reserve military or DA term Civilian – Positions: Team Leader, two Social Scientists, two Research Managers • Once deployed, teams remain in place to mitigate unit transitions; staggered individual replacement • Tour Length: Ten (10) months (can extend to 18 months) • Up to two training courses per quarter (8/year) / 26 students each class Focus on the local population UNCLASSIFIED

Who conducts our mission? Human Terrain System Team leaders (Reserve LTC/MAJ/GG-14) • 27 of 31 team leaders are DA term civilians (all have military experience) • Experience level: Mid-grade to senior officers, senior NCOs; all services Social scientists (GG-12 / GG-14) • Majority have not served in the military or in government positions • High density social science disciplines: anthropology, Int’l conflict/Relations/Studies, psychology, communications Research Managers (GG-12) • Knowledge management, collection management, requirements management Deployed team members • 25% are female UNCLASSIFIED

Human Terrain System Support to ISAF (pre-drawdown) Human Terrain System HTS Teams in AFG TCE – 1 HTAT- 7 HTT - 23 RC-N X 4 Parwan X 4 Kabul RC-E RC-W RC-SW HTS supported allies: RC-S FAO Opportunity? 11 UNCLASSIFIED

Afghanistan (USMC/HTS) Human Terrain System • • • Similarity of Mission: Two staff members providing separate input on same issues Opportunity for HTS to have Joint presence to answer Joint Need. Opportunity for FAO to support solution for a Joint Need. Opportunity to develop/share KM/IT (How does the FAO program store and share information? ) HTS working AHRPO effort (Army Human Research Protection Office) Opportunity to develop/share reachback (does FAO program have a reachback effort? ) Operational Feedback from previous and current HTS users Afghanistan is one deployment of what could be a larger coordination effort No cost training and deployment HTTs are on Regt Staffs– Gives HTT Uniformed USMC presence for increased staff integration – Puts FAO into a “unit” conducting the same mission 12 UNCLASSIFIED

HTS Enduring Capabilities Human Terrain System • Existing Enduring Capabilities: The Army approved specific HTS enduring capabilities in the FY 11 -15 Army Base Budget. These capabilities include: – HTS Project Management (which includes a COCOM coordination capability) FAO Reachback? – Reachback Research KM/IT? Staff Training? – HTS Training – Knowledge Management (including MAP-HT & data repositories) The FY 11 Army Campaign Plan assigned tasks to CG TRADOC include “operating and sustaining the deployed Human Terrain System (HTS) teams” & “institutionalizing the HTS capability” • TRADOC Capability –Based Assessments (CBA): – Joint Staff Battlespace Awareness Functional Capabilities Board validated that HTS is an enduring capability with applications to Phase 0 – Intelligence Warfighting Functional Solutions Analysis (FSA) cites HTS teams, reachback, MAP-HT, & data architecture as solutions to capability gaps – Building Partner Capacity (BPC) CBA contains multiple high priority sociocultural capability gaps; contains multiple proposed HTS capability solutions UNCLASSIFIED 13

Path Forward Human Terrain System • FY 13/14 GOAL: Enduring (POM Funded) Army Force Generation capability coupled with COCOM support • ACP 2012: Army G 2 Task: “As ARSTAFF lead, ICW G 3/5/7, support TRADOC efforts to operate and sustain the deployed…HTS teams and to evolve the institutionalized HTS capability to address lessons learned. ” HTS Proponency Options JKO Distance Learning: Research Manager curriculum modules on JKO FY 13 all curriculum modules on JKO • FY 13 OEF mission transition is being coordinated. End result: 20 teams. • FY 12 Pilot efforts at COCOMs. • Phase 0 (Shape) HTS team support to ASCCs UNCLASSIFIED

Socio-Cultural Operational Capabilities TRADOC G 2 Cultural Knowledge Consortium Requirement: 2011 Consolidated Intelligence Guidance, Army Culture and Foreign Language Strategy, Army Campaign Plan 2012 Human Terrain System Requirement: Joint Urgent Operational Needs Statements (20 deployed teams), Army Campaign Plan 2012, developing ASCC requirement UNCLASSIFIED

JIIM Human Terrain System Civil and Socio-cultural issues have Joint, Interagency, Intergovernmental and Multinational organizations with efforts that overlap. • DOTMLPF • Reachback capabilities • Training • Knowledge Management • Deployed Teams UNCLASSIFIED

Human Terrain System QUESTIONS? UNCLASSIFIED