HUMAN SEXUALITY The Male Reproductive System Male Reproductive

HUMAN SEXUALITY The Male Reproductive System

Male Reproductive System VAS DEFERENS URINARY BLADDER PROSTATE GLAND SEMINAL VESICLE COWPER’S GLAND (BULBOURETHRAL GLAND) PENIS EPIDIDYMIS URETHRA SCROTUM TESTIS back

A GENERAL OVERVIEW FOR WHAT’S TO COME Fill in the blanks…. MEIOSIS occurs in the _____ TESTES �____ producing sperm with 23 CHROMOSOMES ______. Each human sperm cell has 3 ____ parts – a head, a middle region, and a TAIL _____. The acrosome at the tip of the head PENETRATE EGG enables sperm to _______ the _______. The MITOCHONDRIA which middle region contains the _______, produce energy. The tail, a long and slender. FLAGELLUM ____, moves the sperm.

Fill in the blanks cont…. . �The testes are housed in the SCROTUM ______. From the testes, sperm passes through the. EPIDIDYMIS _____, which is a storage and maturation area, to the VAS DEFERENS ________ where they are housed until delivery. PROSTATE GLAND The _____ at the base of the urethra secretes a fluid that has a stimulating effect on the sperm. During intercourse, URETHRA they travel to the ________, where the reproductive and PENIS urinary tracts join, emptying through the ______. An. SPERM adult male produces _____ continuously, several hundred million each day of his life. Those that are not. REABSORBED ejaculated from the body are _______ in a continual cycle of renewal.

Human Male Testis EPIDIDYMIS VAS DEFERENS (ductus deferens) SEMINIFEROUS TUBULE Main Diagram

ACROSOME NUCLEUS (with 23 chromosomes) MITOCHONDRIA BODY TAIL H U M A N M A L E S P E R M

MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM �Major function is to produce a sperm cell �Are not produced until the male reaches puberty �PITUITARY GLAND �Secretes a hormone to signal the testes to produce testosterone �Testosterone causes the testes to begin producing sperm

EXTERNAL MALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS �SCROTUM �ANATOMY � Sac that hangs outside the body � Holds the testes � Changes to the color and texture take place as the male ages

External Male Repro. Cont… �FUNCTION �Protect testes �Keeps testes at proper temperature for spermatogenesis � Spermatogenesis – producing sperm cells � Testes need to be 3 -4 F lower than normal body temp. (98. 6 F) � As body temp. rises, muscles of the scrotum lower the testes away from the body � As body temp. drops, muscles of the scrotum contract to pull the testes in close to the body.

TESTES Seminiferous tubules �ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY �Seminiferous Tubules � Long series of thread-like tubes packed in testes � Approximately 1000 tubes, each about 1 -3 feet long � Capable of producing billions of sperm � Produce about 500 million or more each day

Sperm Cell… �Consists of 3 parts � 1. Head 1. � Contains 23 chromosomes � Acrosome – tip of head; contains enzymes enabling sperm to penetrate the egg 2. � 2. Middle Region � Contains mitochondria which produce energy � 3. Tail � Moves/propels the sperm 3.

Epididymis Testes A & P cont…. �Epididymis �“over the testis” �Highly coiled structure located on the backside of each testis �Approximately 20’ in length �Stores newly produced sperm �Sperm continue to & finish maturing here � 64 days for sperm maturation

External Male Reproductive System Cont…. �Penis �Tube-like organ that functions both in sexual reproduction as well as elimination of body wastes �Flaccid – � (“FLA-ssid”); normal state of the penis � Soft and hangs down from the front of the body PENIS � 3 long cylinders of spongy tissue � Rich supply of blood vessels and nerves � Erect – blood fills the spaces to make the penis enlarged & hard � Erections result entirely from blood flow

What can cause an erection? • Boys get erections for all kinds of reasons – they might happen if you : – Are thinking about something sexual – When you wake in the morning and have to pee – When you are relaxed – When you are anxious or frightened – For no reason at all

ERECTIONS & EJACULATIONS �All males can have an erection (regardless of age!) Boys get their first erections before they are born! �In order for semen to leave the penis, it must be erect

erections & ejaculations cont… �HOWEVER ! ! �Because the penis is erect, it does NOT mean semen must leave the penis �It will return to the flaccid state without ejaculation

process of an erection cont… �If no ejaculation occurs…. �The erection will go away; possibly leaving the male with some discomfort which also will subside �IS NOT HARMFUL TO THE MALE IN ANY WAY!

INTERNAL MALE cont… �SEMEN �Composed of… � 1. sperm from vas deferens � 2. fluid (to nourish sperm) from seminal vesicle � 3. fluid (milky, protects sperm) from prostate gland � 4. fluid (clear & sticky, cleans urethra) from cowper’s gland

INTERNAL MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM �VAS DEFERENS � 2 long tubes (18”) that connects the epididymis w/urethra �Receive mature sperm from epididymis. VAS DEFERENS �Lined with cilia to help move sperm through tube �Loops over the pubic bone, around the bladder, and through the prostate

INTERNAL MALE cont… �SEMINAL VESICLES � 2 little pouches just above and on either side of the prostate gland �Secrete fluid that mixes with sperm. � Helps make the sperm mobile � Provides nourishment to the sperm SEMINAL VESICLE

INTERNAL MALE cont… �PROSTATE GLAND �Lies just below the bladder & surrounds the urethra �Secretes a milky, alkaline (base) PROSTATE GLAND fluid that mixes with sperm � Major portion of semen � Helps protect sperm by neutralizes acidity of urethra & vagina of female

INTERNAL MALE cont… �COWPER’S GLAND � 2 pea-sized glands, lie just below the prostate and open into urethra �Secrete a clear, sticky fluid � Cleanses the urethra of acid from urine � Some may be released before semen is released � This ejaculate may contain some sperm! Which can cause pregnancy COWPER’S GLAND

INTERNAL MALE cont… �URETHRA �Tube-like organ that travels through the penis � Passageway for semen and urine � Can sperm & urine come out at the same time - ? � NO! muscles surround the urethra at the base of the bladder � Muscles contract to close off the bladder if penis is erect/ejaculation is about to occur � Urine cannot leave through the urethra when semen is leaving the body URETHRA

CIRCUMCISION back �FORESKIN – �Male babies are born with a fold of skin that covers the end of the penis. �CIRCUMCISION – �Surgical removal of the foreskin � Not necessary for health reasons customary tradition Forceps grasp foreskin and clips it down to the initial incision Surgeon makes an incision around the foreskin sutures (stitches) the top edge of the skin that covers the penis and the mucus membrane

MALE REPRODUCTIVE CONCERNS W ha t’s Ha pp en in g ?

NOCTURNAL EMISSION �at the start of puberty, hormones cause the glands to begin producing fluids �Fluids build up in reproductive system �While asleep, penis becomes erect and male ejaculates �No warning, uncontrollable �May or may not be accompanied by a dream perfectly normal

HERNIA �Pushing of a part of the body through the muscle wall normally keeping it in �Can occur in various parts of the body �INGUINAL HERNIA � Weak spot in the abdominal wall near the top of the scrotum � Straining of the abdominal muscles can cause a tear at this weak spot � Part of the intestine can push through into the scrotum � Correctable with surgery Video

STERILITY �Sperm of the male is weak, malformed, sparse or nonexistent, or unable to join an ovum (egg) �CAUSES �Temperature changes �Exposure to certain chemicals �Smoking �Mumps as an adult �Untreated STDs �Epididymis, vas deferens, or urethra not working correctly

TESTICULAR CANCER � 1% of cancers in all men; most common cancer in men ages 15 -34 �SIGNS �Slight enlargement of one of the testes and a change in its consistency �Small hard lump in the testicle �Collection of blood or fluid in scrotum �Possibly no pain � Dull ache in the lower abdomen and groin � Dragging or heaviness feeling

TESTICULAR CANCER CONT… �Undescended or partially descended testicles are at a higher risk of developing cancer � The testicles usually move down into the scrotum just before or just after birth. An undescended testicle is one that did not move down into the scrotum. � WHY COULD THIS BE A PROBLEM? ? � THINK TEMPERATURE �Surgery at an early age can correct the problem

PROSTATE PROBLEMS CONT… �PROSTATE CANCER �Most common cancer in men after lung cancer �Cancers usually occur in older men �SIGNS � Often no early symptoms � Frequent urination � Difficulty urinating � Pain or burning when urinating � Blood in urine � Lingering pain in back, hips, or pelvis � Preventable by doctor visits � DRE – “digital rectal exam”

MALE REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH �UNCIRCUMCISED PENIS �Collection of dead cells and glandular secretions may get trapped under fold of skin = smegma �Perfect environment for bacteria to grow and cause infections �Pull foreskin back to cleanse area �TESTICULAR SELF-EXAMINATION � 3 -minute monthly exam �During or after warm bath – scrotum is relaxed and away from body �Check for hard lumps or nodules (like a popcorn kernel or BB) �GUEST SPEAKER FOR BOYS ON 2/5

TENTATIVE SCHEDULE �REST OF TODAY �REVIEW FOR TEST (CROSSWORDS - DUE TOMORROW) � NEED TO BE ABLE TO LABEL 3 DIAGRAMS � KNOW THE 4 COMPONENTS OF SEMEN � BE AWARE OF THE FUNCTIONS OF ALL ORGANS �WEDNESDAY �TEST