Human Sexuality Ms Fitchwell Health Education Human Sexuality

Human Sexuality Ms. Fitchwell Health Education

Human Sexuality Adolescence is the time when young people go through the physical, emotional, and social changes that end in adulthood. Puberty refers to the physical changes that occur during adolescence. During puberty, secondary sex characteristics appear, and the reproductive structures mature. Puberty begins because male and female hormones are released into the bloodstream. During puberty, both boys and girls will grow quickly, perspire more, have body odor, and develop oily skin and some pimples.

Human Sexuality • BETWEEN THE AGES OF 9 -17 CHILDREN GO THROUGH PUBERTY, WHICH MARKS THE BEGINNING OF ADOLESCENCE • PUBERTY OCCURS AS A RESULT OF THE RELEASE OF HORMONES • TESTOSTERONE • ESTROGEN – MALE HORMONE AND PROGESTERONE – FEMALE HORMONES • MALE AND FEMALE HORMONES ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE PHYSICAL, EMOTIONAL, AND SOCIAL CHANGES THAT OCCUR.

Physical Changes The development of sex characteristics Primary sex characteristics are directly related to the production of the reproductive cells – sperm for males, and ovum for females Secondary sex characteristics – body hair in both males and females Females - the development of breasts and widening of the hips Males - and the broadening of the chest and the deepening of the voice

Concerns over physical changes As people reach puberty, there is great variation in the size and shape of people of the same age Girls can be much taller than boys Boys voices can “crack” – due to an increase in the size of the larynx Hands and feet may appear large and awkward

Mental changes Brain reaches its adult size and weight Cognition – the act or process of knowing, including both awareness and judgment – and memory both increase. You are able to predict the outcomes of many situations – you look at different ways of solving problems

Mental changes Your ability to think logically, or think things out, increases Can understand someone else’s point of view New interests will develop and career goals may begin to come into focus Cerebral Cortex (“Grey Matter”) • Most complex part of CNS • Motor/sensory functions • Emotions • Cognition - Language • Attention

Emotional changes Strong emotional feelings can come to the surface You can experience mood swings, sulking and crave privacy May have difficulty in letting others know how you are feeling.

Bell Ringer May th 12 What is the difference between primary and secondary sex characteristics? What is the male sex hormone? Female sex hormones? What are some mental changes that occur during puberty?

Male Reproductive System During puberty, the pituitary gland stimulates the testes to begin producing the male sex hormone, testosterone. Testosterone- causes the production of sperm Sperm- male reproductive cell Two main biological functions of the male reproductive system: 1. production of sperm 2. transfer of it to the female’s body during sexual intercourse

Male reproduction system Click here to see the male reproductive system

Warm-Up May What role do the following organs/muscles/glands play in the male reproductive system? Pituitary Gland Testes Epididymis Seminal Vesicles Stimulates the testes to produce the male sex hormone, testosterone. External organ, produces testosterone and sperm. Coil-like tube on the outside of testes, sperm are stored here and mature. Located on each side of the bladder, produce liquid that mixes with sperm (semen is a fluid that carries and nourishes sperm).

Bladder Seminal Vesicles Urethra Penis Prostate Gland Cowper's Gland Glans/ Head Epididymis Scrotum http: //www. kscience. co. uk/revision/reprod uction/malelabel. htm Testes Vas Deferens

Male Reproductive System is made up of both internal and external organs External organs: 1. Testes (testicles) – are two small glands that produce sperm. Testes hang outside of the body in a sac called the scrotum. This sac protects sperm by keeping the testes at a temperature slightly below normal

External organs: 2. Penis – the external sex organ in which the sperm is delivered to the females body. Composed of spongy tissue that contains many blood vessels. As a result of increased blood flow, the penis becomes enlarged and erect.

Internal male reproductive organs Plays a role in the delivery of the sperm Urethra – carries sperm and urine to the outside of the body. (a valve prevents the two fluids from mixing) Epididymis – located on the outer surface of the testes – sperm mature here Vas-deferens – a pair of connecting tubes that receives the sperm from the epididymis As the sperm travels through the vas deferens, they combine with fluids from the seminal vesicles, prostate gland Cowper’s gland the to form semen.

Ejaculation- A series of muscular contractions during sexual arousal. During ejaculation, semen is released Nocturnal emissions- Orgasm and ejaculation may occur during sleep. • Can be referred to as a “wet dream” • Occur because sperm production during puberty causes increased pressure in the reproductive system.

At birth, the tip of the penis is covered with a fold of skin called Foreskin Circumcision – the surgical removal of the foreskin Uncircumcised penis with foreskin intact Circumcised penis

Female reproductive system Click here to view female reproductive system

Female Reproductive System The Female Reproductive System stores female reproductive cells, or ova. It also nourishes and protects each fertilized ovum from the beginning of pregnancy through birth. 1. Vagina – also called the birth canal, is a hollow tube leading from the uterus to the outside of the body. Sperm from the male enters the female reproductive system through the vagina.

Females Reproductive Organs 2. Ovaries – two small organs that have two functions: 1. releases estrogen and progesterone 2. produces and releases a mature egg (ova) once a month – called ovulation *Female babies are born with approx. 400, 000 immature ova in the ovaries. During puberty, hormones cause the immature ova to mature.

3. Fallopian tubes – two small tubes that carry a released egg from the ovary to the uterus. When an egg is released from the ovary, it moves into the fallopian tubes and finger like projections draw the egg into the uterus. *If intercourse occurs during the time there is an egg in the fallopian tube, sperm may unite with the egg and fertilization occurs.

4. Uterus (womb) is a small, muscular, pear-shaped organ, about the size of a fist. The fertilized egg (zygote) will develop and grow in the uterus. The uterus has layers of tissue and a rich supply of blood to protect and nourish the developing fetus. *The base of the uterus is called the cervix. It expands during childbirth to allow the passage of the baby.

Warm-Up May th 16 What’s the medical term for “wet Dream”? Why are they common as males go through puberty? What’s the function of the ovaries ?

Menstruation If the ovum does not become fertilized, the lining of the uterus breaks down and is passed out of the vagina. This process is called menstruation Usually lasts 3 -5 days Menstrual cycle, which is the time from the beginning of one menstrual cycle to the onset of the next, is usually a 28 day cycle Onset Can – usually between the ages of 10 – 15 be very irregular at first Can also be affected by poor nutrition, stress and illness

Menstrual cycle Click here to view menstrual cycle

Care of the reproductive system Includes cleanliness, protection, and self-examination A male who is not circumcised must practice extra hygiene Avoid wearing clothing that is too tight Wear a protective or supporter during strenuous exercise Perform a monthly self exam of the testes to check for any thickening or lumps

Problems of the male reproductive system 1. Hernia – occurs when part of an organ pushes through an opening of a membrane or muscle that usually contains the organ. 2. Sterility – condition in which a person is unable to reproduce. can be a result of producing too few sperm. This can be caused from environmental hazards that damage the sperm making process-exposure to X- rays, radiation and lead from motor exhaust Can also be caused from temperature change, exposure to certain chemicals, smoking and disease.

3. Enlarged prostate gland – can enlarge for reasons such as an infection, a tumor, or old age. When the gland enlarges, it tends to squeeze the urethra, resulting in frequent or difficult urination 4. Testicular torsion –twisting of testis so that blood vessels leading to the testis also twists, cutting off the blood supply.

5. Cancer of the Prostate – often a cancer site of older men. 6. Cancer of the testes - occurs most frequently in males between the ages of 15 and 35. Hard lumps, or nodules , on the testes may be a sign of cancer. There may or may not be pain associated with the lumps

Problems of the FRS MENSTRUAL CRAMPS – • USUALLY • MILD, LASTING FOR SEVERAL HOURS A HEATING PAD, OVER THE COUNTER MEDICATION AND LIGHT EXERCISE CAN HELP • PRACTICE DEEP BREATHING-YOGA-ESPECIALLY DURING PREGNANCY! , INCREASE VITAMIN D INTAKE PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME (PMS). • PMS IS A VARIETY OF SYMPTOMS THAT CAN OCCUR SEVERAL DAYS TO TWO WEEKS BEFORE THE MENSTRUAL PERIOD. • SYMPTOMS BLOATING • HOW – NERVOUS TENSION, ANXIETY, IRRITABILITY, MOOD SWINGS, FATIGUE, TO DECREASE PMS: • Nutritional • get changes (avoid chemicals in foods), moving, • practice relaxation techniques- • address your stress levels

Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) –related to tampon use during the menstrual period. This is a rare but serious disease that may be fatal. The presence of a bacterium, staphylococcus aureus, causes the infection. Flu-like symptoms – aching muscles, sore throat, sudden high fever, vomiting, diarrhea, fainting, rash.

Problems that can cause infertility Blocked fallopian tube - leading cause of female infertility. Can be caused by pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) of abdominal surgery. Endometriosis – uterine tissue grows outside the uterus, often appearing on the ovaries, fallopian tubes in in the abdominal cavity. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease - an infection of the fallopian tubes, ovaries and surrounding areas in a woman’s pelvis. It can damage the reproductive organs and is usually caused by sexually transmitted diseases.

Other reproductive disorders Cervix, uterus and ovaries are common sites of cancer. Cervical cancer is detected through a Pap test, a test in which samples of cells are taken from the cervix by a doctor. All sexually active females should have a yearly Pap smear and all women from the age of 18 and older should also have a yearly Pap smear

Breast self-examination Is an important habit for females to develop Should be done once a month, about a week after the start of their menstrual period (breasts tenderness/bloating before & during period) Should check for anything unusual, such as any discharge from the nipples, lumps or mass under the skin http: //www. pbs. org/wgbh/nova/body/lifegreatest-miracle. html

Bell Ringer May th 7 What is another term for “wet dream”? Describe the term circumcision. What is removed during this process? How long does an average menstrual cycle last? Nocturnal Emission Surgical Procedure that removes foreskin from the tip of the penis 28 days

Warm-Up Dec. th 18 List all of the female reproductive organs. What is the function of the fallopian tubes? What is another name for the uterus? Vagina? How long does the average menstrual cycle last? Ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, endometrium, cervix, vagina 2 Small tubes that carry and release ovaries from the ovaries to uterus. WOMB AND BIRTH CANAL 28 Days