Human Settlement Indicators for SDGs SDG Goal 11

Human Settlement Indicators for SDGs SDG Goal 11. 6: 6. 3: By 2030, improve water quality by reducing pollution, eliminating dumping and minimizing release of hazardous chemicals and materials, halving the proportion of untreated wastewater and substantially increasing recycling and safe reuse globally. 6. 3. 1 Proportion of wastewater safely treated. 1 st Technical Meeting

Human Settlement Indicators for SDGs Status of the Indicator: Tier 3: Indicator for which there are no established methodology and standards or methodology/standards are being developed/tested. 1 st Technical Meeting

Human Settlement Indicators for SDGs Ongoing Work: GEMI 1 st Technical Meeting

Human Settlement Indicators for SDGs GEMI as a part of SDG 6 Global Monitoring Framework under UN-Water Good example of partnership between different organizations 6. 1. 1 6. 2. 1 6. 3. 2 6. 4. 1 6. 4. 2 6. 5. 1 6. 5. 2 6. 6. 1 6. a. 1 6. b. 1 Safely managed drinking water services (WHO, UNICEF) Safely managed sanitation and hygiene services (WHO, UNICEF) Wastewater safely treated (WHO, UN-Habitat) Good ambient water quality (UNEP) Water use efficiency (FAO) Level of water stress (FAO) Integrated water resources management (UNEP) Transboundary basin area with water cooperation (UNECE, UNESCO) Water-related ecosystems (UNEP) Water- and sanitation-related official development assistance that is part of a government coordinated spending plan (WHO, UNEP, OECD) Participation of local communities in water and sanitation management (WHO, UNEP, OECD) 1 st Technical Meeting WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation (JMP) Integrated monitoring of water and sanitation related SDG targets (GEMI) UN-Water Global Analysis and Assessment of Sanitation and Drinking-Water (GLAAS)

Human Settlement Indicators for SDGs GEMI Objectives 1. Develop methodologies and tools to monitor SDG 6 global indicators 2. Raise awareness at national and global levels about SDG 6 monitoring 3. Enhance country capacity in monitoring (technical and institutional) 4. Compile country data and report on global progress towards SDG 6 1 st Technical Meeting

Human Settlement Indicators for SDGs GEMI: Timeline Methodology development Testing of methodologies in pilot countries Evaluation External expert review 2014 -15 2016 Methodology revision Global implementation / 2017 integrated baseline process 2017 Baseline reporting SDG 6, synthesis reporting HLPF 2018 1 st Technical Meeting

Human Settlement Indicators for SDGs GEMI: Progress 2016 -2017 • Pilot process completed in 5 countries (Peru, Senegal, Jordan, Uganda, Netherlands) • Learning workshop held in Delft • External review of methodologies complete • Methodologies and supporting materials revised and under translation • Next stage: Rollout to 65 countries • Data repository Working Group launched • Inception webinar developed and under translation 1 st Technical Meeting

Human Settlement Indicators for SDGs GEMI: Baseline Support to Countries • Guidelines and tools – Step-by-step monitoring methodologies for all indicators – Good practices for country monitoring systems – Targets and global indicators • Online support – Inception and technical webinars – Online tutorials – Helpdesk • Regional exchange – Community of practice – Face-to-face workshops • Country support – Process facilitation and institutional support – Technical experts 1 st Technical Meeting

Human Settlement Indicators for SDGs Source of Pollution and Methodology it is unfeasible to monitoring sources or diffuse agricultural pollution – therefore only their effect on receiving water quality is monitored. diffuse agricultural sources Monitored Domestic wastewater Monitored Industrial wastewater (incl. point source agriculture) Water quality Wastewater monitoring establishes causes of poor water quality Monitored Verify progress on wastewater management 1 st Technical Meeting

Human Settlement Indicators for SDGs Monitoring test results: Domestic wastewater Emptying Containment Transport Treatment End-use/disposal 27% Sewers 6% Onsite sanitation Shared services Unimproved services No sanitation services Peru 6% : 11% : 9% 41% Source: 1 st Technical Meeting 33% Safely managed sanitation and safely treated wastewater

Human Settlement Indicators for SDGs Monitoring test results: Domestic wastewater Emptying Containment Transport Treatment End-use/disposal 2% Sewers 13% Onsite sanitation Shared sanitation Unimproved services Open defecation India 49% 3% 11% 22% Source: 1 st Technical Meeting 15% Safely managed sanitation and Safely treated wastewater

Human Settlement Indicators for SDGs Monitoring test results: Domestic wastewater Emptying Containment Transport Treatment End-use/disposal <1% Sewers 5% Onsite sanitation Shared services Unimproved services Open Defecation Ghana 19% 5% 59% 11% Source: 1 st Technical Meeting 6% Safely managed sanitation and safely treated wastewater

Human Settlement Indicators for SDGs Methodology: A Mass Balance Framework • Provides an simple graphical overview of the sources and sinks of waste • Avoids perverse incentives for poor investment (by monitor “% wastewater treated” is looking only at wastewater sewered to WWTPs – monitoring would incentivize construction of expensive WWTP with potential negative consequences in terms of operation and maintenance, reaching a relatively well-off few rather than improving management of the many on-site facilities and thereby increasing inequities, missed opportunities for beneficial reuse. ) • Allows flexibility for decision makers on how to transition from unsafe to safe depending on the context, priorities and resources. • Builds on existing MDG monitoring (JMP) 1 st Technical Meeting

Human Settlement Indicators for SDGs Methodology: Monitoring Matrix Household survey 1 st Technical Meeting Service provider survey

Human Settlement Indicators for SDGs Methodology: Monitoring Industrial or commercial wastewater 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Complete inventory of industries producing industrial waste 1 + Percentage of industries with functional wastewater treatment plants 2 + Monitor flows of industrial wastewater discharges from all sources 3 + Assess the levels of treatment of industrial discharges installed within countries and the volume discharged from those treatment plants 4 + Assess the levels of treated or untreated industrial wastewater reused or recycled. 5 + a detailed knowledge of flows from a mass balance perspective and knowledge of the contaminants contained within the discharge, database of compliance information, full reporting according to international obligations 6+ plus assessment of impact on environmental quality of receiving waters` 1 st Technical Meeting Less Developed More Developed

Human Settlement Indicators for SDGs Steps undertaken in the proof of concept phase of the GEMI initiative Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5 Step 6 Step 7 Step 8 Step 9 Step 10 Discussions with National Government Ministries on sources of data and administrative structures Prepare an inventory of ALL sources of Industrial and commercial waste water (using UNIDO or other databases), disaggregating by: Commercial establishments; Non-hazardous industries and Hazardous industries (Following the stage approach given in above slide (If waste water production/treatment data is available obviously use this) In each locality (as defined by national institutional structures) review available data from water and wastewater utilities. In each locality (and if information from step 3 is not available) compute likely waste water production from each sources Establish those industries from Step 2 above which under ISIC classifications are defined as hazardous substances Establish those industries governed by permitted discharges from Local EPA registers (if any) Establish sewered effluent flows for each “sewered” locality and compute the proportion that comprises commercial/industrial waste water, using a mass balance approach with the “locality” as the boundary conditions. Note this step is also used to cross check the overall mass balance and can utilise also the results of household surveys on sewered connections. Prepare a simple (excel-based) spreadsheet comprising overall waste water flows from commercial and industrial sources. Estimate “informal” trade/industrial waste water production, using walk through audits of informal areas. Note this will only give qualitative information. Up-aggregate the information from each locality to obtain national estimates 1 st Technical Meeting

Human Settlement Indicators for SDGs 6. 3. 1 Methodology review Key feedback received Source Response and rationale Overall Non-household sources need to be Japan estimated/measured Incorporation of greywater and Japan storm water Included in revised methodology. Non household disaggregated at by WWTP influent Storm water and greywater co-disposed in sewers and septic tanks is captured by the methods. Assistance needed to support Jordan recycling and reuse of wastewater Recycling and use is not included directly in the indicator but address in part of “safe treatment definitions”. In addition a wastewater recycling effectiveness index being developed by UNU-Flores/UN-Habitat Economic Activities Clarity needed on classification of Netherlands TA provided during capacity-development workshop on use of industrial/commercial wastewater ISIC codes Classification of UNCEEA industrial/commercial wastewater Use of data from industries on CEO Water discharges Mandate Additional references to ISIC codes included in step by step guide Ideas will be explored on use/QA on this data 1 st Technical Meeting

Human Settlement Indicators for SDGs 6. 3. 1 Methodology review Key feedback received Source Response and rationale Household wastewater Linkages between 6. 2 and 6. 3 CEO water mandate JMP SAG, Switzerland A common methodology is proposed to streamline data collection. Outstanding issues on harmonized definitions of “safely treated” A treatment ladder of data quality is proposed with highest rung most representative of safe from a public health perspective. Decreasing rungs are complicate with environmental indicators followed by installed technology. Simplified assumption applied in baselines in lieu of in situ data A treatment ladder proposed. Initiated global search and analysis of national standards and regulator consultation. Definitions of “safely treated” Lack of data on site sanitation and FSM Definition of “safe treatment” vs national standards Peru Positive response UNESCAP No action Percentage of population connected to various types of system. Use of coefficients UNCEEA The metric for the household portion is measured in household. A BOD or population equivalent is proposed. USEPA and EC have coefficients that can be adopted. Uganda Senegal Jordan Philippines Short vs. long-term strategy, countries Use of existing data for long-term viability of this monitoring. Treatment ladder see above. Water. org The method maximized the use of secondary data including HH surveys, IBNET, Aquastat, and national system. Further the approach aims to strengthen these over time. 1 st Technical Meeting

Human Settlement Indicators for SDGs Challenges and Opportunities : • Great Opportunities to link priority pollutants identified in Industrial monitoring to AWQ monitoring • Use of utility produced wastewater flows to cross check (through mass balance) industrial/domestic/commercial wastewater. (Flows or BOD equivalents ? ? ) • Estimations from commercial establishments how significant are they ? (An initial analysis reveals they contribute maybe 20 -40% of flow) • Industrial flows from informal activities ? 1 st Technical Meeting