Human Resource Use Human Values Attitudes Sociopolitical Human
- Slides: 45
Human Resource Use Human Values & Attitudes (Socio-political)
Human Land Use Practices 1) Agriculture 2) Suburban Development Let’s pick on Indiana: • • 97% of land in state = privatelyowned In central Indiana, • 70+% of land in row crop • <10% in forest • Urban sprawl intensifying
Human Impacts Ecosystem simplification: elimination of species from food webs via human alterations to land Example: vertebrate communities in ag. landscapes
Intensive Agriculture & Clean Farming
Timber Extraction & Fragmentation
Formation of Terrestrial “Islands”
Oceanic Island = Terrestrial Island ? ? ?
Species-Area Relationship S = c. Az S = # of species A = island area • Positive correlation between island size & number of species • Applies to terrestrial “islands” also
Island Biogeography • equilibrium model suggesting that the number of species occurring on an island represents a balance between immigration (in) and extinction (out) • Robert Mac. Arthur & E. O. Wilson
Habitat Fragmentation • Process of breaking contiguous unit into smaller pieces; area & distance components • Leads to: < remnant patch size > edge: interior ratios > patch isolation < connectivity • Community & Ecosystem processes altered
Formation of Terrestrial “Islands”
#patches Patch isolation Patch size Edge
What about aquatic systems?
What about aquatic systems? Con. Bio 12(6)
Increased Edge Habitat
Increased Edge Habitat
Habitat Fragmentation • First-Order Effects: fragmentation leads to change in a species’ abundance and/or distribution • Higher-Order Effects: fragmentation indirectly leads to change in a species abundance and/or distribution via altered species interactions
Habitat Fragmentation • area-sensitive species: species that require minimum patch size for daily life requirements • Edge effects: influence of factors from outside of a patch
Edge Effects • Habitat surrounding a patch can: - change abiotic conditions; e. g. , temp. - change biotic interactions, e. g. , predation Example of nest predation = edge effect of approximately 50 m into forest patch But can extend 100’s of meters…. maybe km’s
Edge Effects • How does patch size (in a landscape) & shape affect amount of edge? • Groups – give me a mathematical example with forested landscapes that have timber extraction via clearcutting
Exponential vs. Logistic No DD All populations same No Spatial component
Incorporating Space Metapopulation: a population of subpopulations linked by dispersal of organisms • subpopulations separated by unsuitable habitat • subpopulations differ in population size & distance between
Metapopulation Model p = habitat patch (subpopulation) c = colonization e = extinction
Another Population Model Source-sink Dynamics: grouping of multiple subpopulations, some are sinks & some are sources Source Population = births > deaths = net exporter Sink Population = births < deaths
Source-sink Dynamics >1 <1
Source-sink Dynamics
Corridors
Who Cares? Why bother discussing these models? Metapopulations & Source-sink Populatons highlight the importance of: • habitat & landscape fragmentation • connectivity between isolated populations • genetic diversity
Vancouver Island marmot (Marmota vancouverensis) ~100 left Isolated from hoary and Olympic marmots
Vancouver Island marmot (Marmota vancouverensis) Natural tree succession
Vancouver Island marmot (Marmota vancouverensis) • Logging – disjunct patches - max. dispersal = 7 km • Climate • Prey-Predator Dynamics
Differential Sensitivities to Habitat Alteration • Niche breadth (diet & habitat) – inverse relation • Range periphery = more sensitive (W & N) • Body size = mobility (allometric relation) • Social and territorial behavior (limited K) Swihart et al. 2003
Ways to Manage 1) Featured Species Mgt – single species – particular purpose – e. g. , white-tailed deer – could also include “umbrella species” and “flagship species” or “sensitive species”
Ways to Manage 2) Species Richness Mgt – maintain diversity and certain # of each species (follow MVP concept) 3) Indicator Species Mgt – use a species (or group of species) to monitor environmental conditions – not necessarily managing for these spp. – bioindicators, biosentinels, “canary in coal mine”
Ways to Manage 4) Guild Mgt or Life-Form Mgt – grouping of species based on use of same type of resources (e. g. , foraging guilds)
- Nz attitudes and values study
- Dominant work values in today's workforce
- Values and attitudes in the workplace
- Values attitudes and job satisfaction
- Values attitudes moods and emotions
- Human values types
- Resource allocation vs resource leveling
- Perbedaan antara resource loading dan resource levelling
- Western vs eastern values
- Machavillian
- Instrumental values
- A bit can only have the value of 0 or 1
- Unpurchased goodwill method
- Forecasting in hrm
- Human resource development framework
- Time management human resources
- Project human resource management pmbok ppt
- Aboriginal human resource council
- Resource management pmbok
- Lev schwartz model
- Importance of resources management
- Human resource management in restaurants
- Induction definition in hrm
- Long term hr planning
- Human resource management chapter 2
- Chapter 9 human resources management
- Human resources planning definition
- Human resource plan definition
- Swot analysis of hr department
- Hr planning definition
- 5 stages of human resource planning
- Human resource mangement
- Hrms.shanker group
- Performance appraisal in human resource management
- Current issues in human resource management
- Ba human resource management
- Higher business management
- Human resource management gaining a competitive advantage
- Human resource management gaining a competitive advantage
- Human resource management gaining a competitive advantage
- Sample hrm exam questions
- Performance appraisal in human resource management
- Human resources department structure
- Human resource management by gary dessler 11th edition
- Human resource management strategy and analysis
- Swot analysis for human resource department