Human Resource Development Topic HRD for Workers Submitted

Human Resource Development Topic: HRD for Workers Submitted To: Submitted By: Ms. Kamalpreet Kaur Rupali (3007) Shailja (3011) Arti (3037) Priya (3056) Deepika (3059)

INTRODUCTION Industrial relations has become one of the most delicate and complex problems of the modern day industrial society. It is very difficult to imagine industrial processes and production without the cooperation between the labour and the management. § Thus it calls for the mental revolution on the part of both the workers and the management to have faith in each other and act in a complimentary manner rather than in a competitive manner towards each other. §

HRD for Workers; Need of the Hour HRD for the workers is a process by which the workers are helped in a continuous and planned way to: § Develop occupational capabilities § Develop intellectual, psychology, social, and cultural aspects Develop higher level of achievement, motivation and self management skills § Develop confidence, initiative and entrepreneurship The goals of HRD for workers : § They treat Men at the centre of any development initiative by the organisation § Development of collective personality of workers § Participation in management decisions and also decision affecting their day to day working § Self –reliance as the expression of workers owns faith in their ability §

Reasons for Slow Implementation of HRD There are several reasons for such trend: ü An assumption that the development of managerial resources itself should result in workers’ development through management techniques and style. ü Lack of integration between existing HRD and IR in many organizations ü Prevailing IR climate in the organisation

Rationale Of HRD For Workers Any developmental effort directed on particular groups of employees would be inadequate and their impact in the organizational growth and Development will be marginal unless the developmental efforts are directed to cover all sections of employees Ø Even the most developed managers would find it difficult to achieve corporate objectives in the company stagnant alienated and demotivated workforce Ø If competent and qualified managers could alone run the organization, workers would not have been needed at all but this is not the case , in an organisation workers constitute 70 -80% of the work force Ø

Several Developments For Workers Emerging Public Sector-HRD in public sector is the heterogeneous composition of workforce in so far as their education exposure and work attitudes are concerned Ø The ‘population mix’-The workers category comprise workmen from category like physically handicapped and different religious minority groups . So this calls for the more integrated effort to create cohesion in the workforce Ø Changing Profile of Working Class-The modern worker is more articulate and knowledgeable. He has a potential to better apply his knowledge and skills. Ø Technological Change-The technological changes are forcing organizations' to adopt new environment. Recent spurt in computerization calls for training, restraining and job shifting for workers Ø

HRD Mechanisms for Workers v v § § § v HRD mechanisms refer to the methods or instruments available for organisation to develop competence of the employees. The mechanisms for HRD have to be different for workers than for managerial staff because of: the job requirements of workers existing level of knowledge and competence of the workers number of target groups to be covered is different in case of workers The traditional mechanism of HRD for managerial staff like performance appraisal, potential appraisal etc. cannot be replicated for workers who at a particular stage of their development may have limited utility for these mechanisms.

HRD Mechanisms for Workers Training Counseling Workers Participation in Management Employee Welfare Quality of Work Life Quality Circles Grievance Mechanism

i) Training: It is a process that involves acquisition of knowledge, skills, attitudes in order to increase effectiveness of employees in doing particular jobs. For overall development and growth of workers, the direction of training efforts need to be focussed on : § Technical training to create competence by enhancing job skills § Behavioural training to develop inter – personal skills, collaborative skills, team building skills, problem solving skills, self management skills § Induction training and on- the - job training Initiatives taken for training of workers : § In 1957, government formulated a scheme of workers education with the objective of developing effective trade unions through better trained officials and more enlightened workers § The National commission on labour had proposed to improve the scheme as its entire focus has been to develop trade union leadership rather than development of individual in all aspects. ii) Counseling : It is an important mechanism to provide guidance to workers and help them to learn from their own mistakes. Timely counselling can help avoid conflicting situations and help workers in both their personal and professional life.

iii) Workers participation in management: It can be established by setting various joint forums consisting of representatives of union and management such as works committee, joint management council. These forums provide opportunities for communication, goal setting, problem solving which will help in workers development. However, not much has been initiated or achieved in this direction. The overall industrial relations environment and inter – union rivalry pose a problem for scheme of workers participation in management. iv) Employee welfare: Employee welfare programmes creates a sense of belongingness and adequacy that benefits the organisation in the long run. Unless adequate welfare programmes for workers exist in the form of educational subsidies, health and medical benefits , housing facilities , the quality of their work life is likely to suffer. E. g. Tata Iron and Steel Company have initiated labour welfare in the form of eight hour working day, free medical aid, leave with pay, provident fund scheme, profit sharing benefit etc.

v) Quality of Work Life: It relates to the physical working environment such as heating and air conditions, ventilation, lighting, safety and other motivational factors such as flexibility in working hours, autonomy and discretion in performance of jobs and the very nature of work etc. vi) Quality Circles : It is an activity wherein a small group of employees on voluntary basis meet periodically to discuss work related problems on a day to day basis. Quality circle is an important HRD mechanism for involvement of workers at the grass root level. Organisations like Bharat Electronics, BHEL, HMT, etc. have experimented with quality circles in recent years with success. vii) Grievance Mechanism: The most common mechanism to deal with workers grievances in organisation is through trade unions. Absence of timely disposal of grievances create a sense of frustration and conflict in the organisation which necessitate a quick system of grievance redressal. It requires initiative in developing skills in first line supervisors and others in handling day to day grievances. E. g. TISCO has elaborate grievance redressal machinery.

OPERATIONALIZING HRD FOR WORKERS THROUGH DEVELOPMENTAL PLANS Various areas of focus for workers development. These would envelop the following initiatives: 1. Workers Improvement and Skill Development: Most of the organisations are paying a lot of importance to developing the skills of the workers which are directly related to his work helps him in improved and higher productivity over a period of time. 2) Organizational Understanding: To increase the commitment and citizenship behaviour amongst the workers it is important that they be made to understand- the organisation’s mission, vision, objectives, goal, polices, procedure and practices, the working , functioning the products and services being offered.

3) Personal Growth and Development: Organisations are giving importance to the personal growth and development of workers apart from giving them work related trainings from time to time. The organisations have started feeling that counseling and mentoring the workers on their personal matters pays them long term dividends in the form of reduced worker turnover and absenteeism. 4) Family and Social Responsibilities: The organisation laying emphasis on providing the basic primary and secondary education to their children apart from imparting them some vocational training and guidance to help them earn a living in the long run, this way the workers are free from stress and burden of providing their children with the growth and developmental opportunities.

5) Values and Attitude Development: Inculcating the right kind of values and positive amongst the worker and their families can go a long way in building up a better society. Because an honest workforce with good ethics and values is the most valuable assets for any organisation. This can be done by showing them inspirational movies and videos from time to time.

Role of Trade Unions in HRD for Workers § § § HRD is a process of determining optimum methods of and the systematic improvement of performance through training, education and development and leadership for the mutual attainment of organisational and personal goals. Trade unions are any combination, whether temporary or permanent, formed primarily for the purpose of regulating the relations between workmen and employers or between workmen and workmen, or between employers and employers, or for imposing restrictive conditions on the conduct of any trade or business, and includes any federation of two or more Trade Unions. HRD has two prominent components i. e. Training and Education

Training § Meaning A planned process to modify attitude , knowledge or skills through learning experiences to achieve effective performance in an activity or range of activities. Its purpose, in the work situation , is to develop the abilities of the individual and to satisfy the current and future needs of the organization. § Need of training 1. Dynamic environment 2. Expansion of global economy 3. To be more competitive 4. Meeting the skill needs

Training Benefits for Workers § § § Gain important skills Increases productivity Higher wages and faster wage growth Increase in satisfaction level Reduce or minimize boredom. Fewer mistakes Reduction in accident rate Improvement in quality of products Improvement of morale and reduction in grievances Improvement of efficiency and productivity Personal growth.

Unions Role in Workers Training § § § § Pursue government or employers to arrange training Sometimes arrange training programs themselves Negotiate training clauses Ensure higher subsidies for training According to British Household Panel Survey (1991 -1996) union covered workers more likely to receive training and also more days of training Analysis of 2003 Labour Force Survey showed that 39% union members had been engaged in some training in previous 3 months as compared to only 26% of non-unionized workers It also reported that workers get more training when the issue is negotiated with employers by unions According to research by Francis Green (1996) unionized workplaces were 17% more likely to have a training centre and 115 more likely to have training plan

Studies show that training is more likely to deliver benefits to members when unions not only secure recognition from the employers but also play an active role in decisions about what is provided § Union members participate significantly more than their non-unionized counterparts 1. in all courses (32% vs. 25%) 2. Job related courses (24% vs. 18%) 3. Employer sponsored training (27% vs. 20%) §

Education q Need of Education 1. Effective tool in trade union organizing, strengthening and unity 2. To understand the duties and rights 3. To understand what is wrong and what is right. 4. To understand others. If people can understand each other, they will be united. q Benefits of Education to Workers 1. Lower risk of unemployment 2. Higher income 3. Understand the duties and rights

Unions Role in Workers’ Education § § Organize education programs Unionized workers are more highly educated than non-unionized workers (25% vs. 20%) Union members are more likely than non-unionized workers to posses professional or trade licenses or certificates (49% vs. 27%) Unionized workers more likely to participate in education programs and are more likely to be supported by their employers in these activities

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