HUMAN REPRODUCTION SYSTEM SMPK PENABUR JAKARTA CHARACTERISTIC OF

HUMAN REPRODUCTION SYSTEM SMPK PENABUR JAKARTA

CHARACTERISTIC OF LIVING ORGANISM: REPRODUCTION • An ability of organism to have progeny • Objection to sustain revival of its species REPRODUCTION Vegetative (Asexual) One parent Generative ( Sexual)

Human Reproduction System • Generative = ? • Offspring = combination Mating Fertilization Offspring • Initiated by gametes = ovum and sperm

CELL DIVISION

CELL REPRODUCTION • cells division Mitosis Cell division Meiosis

CHROMOSOME • Every cell contains a set of chromosome – 46 chromosomes/23 pairs • Chromosome genes DNA TED INHERI

Differentiation Number of stage in division Mitosis Once Meiosis Twice Numver of daughter cells 2 daughter cells produced 4 daughter cells 2 n 2 n n n n Number of daughter cells chromosomes in cells 2 n (diploid) Same as parent’s cell chromosomes 1 n (haploid) Half number of parent cells chromosomes Location Body cell/somatic cells Sex cell Purpose of division Growth, cell repair (regeneration), asexual reproduction Formation of sex cell with haploid chromosomes

VIDEO • MITOSIS

Mitosis • Occurs in every living organism’s body, except: SEX CELL • Inherits the characteristics of its parent cell Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase

Phropase Initial phase in cell division, signified by: • Nucleus membran disappeared, followed by nucleolus • Chromatins chromosomes threads chromatids (thickens and grew shorter) • Chromatids duplicated to form identical pairs • Centrioles separated and moved to its poles

Metaphase • Chromatids located on the equator pulled by spindle threads • The nuclear membrane disappears completely. • The spindle fully develops

Anaphase • Each identical pairs of chromatids located on the separating parts pulled toward opposite poles • Sister chromatids = “full” chromosome daughter chromosomes • Each chromosome is pulled along by its centromere

Telophase • • • Chromatids chromatins Nucleus membranes are formed Nucleolus appear again Cytoplasm separated cytokinesis Plasma thickened dividing into two cells Two identical daughter cells are formed

Telophase

Meiosis • Two phases meiosis phase I and phase II • Produce four new daughter cells • Half the total chromosomes of the parent cell

Meiosis • http: //www. johnkyrk. com/meiosis. html • http: //www. stolaf. edu/people/giannini/flasha nimat/celldivision/meiosis. swf

SPERMATOGENESIS • Occurs in sperm producing organ testis (tubulus seminiferus) • By special cells spermatogonia (sperm parent cell) • Spermatogonia mitosis = primary spermatocytes • Primary spermatocyte meiosis I = secondary spermatocytes • Secondary spermatozoid 4 spermatid cells sperm

OOGENESIS • Occurs in ovarium • Oogonium (diploid) in ovarium • Started by mitosis from oogonium to form primary oocytes (diploid).

Oogenesis (Cont. ) • Primary oocytes meiosis I = 2 cells (diff size) • Larger cell is called oocyte Meiosis II Smaller cell is called polar body • Larger cell is called ootid, smaller called polar body II • Polar body I will meiosis II to form polar body II • Ootid temporary ovum while three body polar II will generated

Oogenesis (Cont. ) Oogenesis start in 5 month fetus. 6 months meiosis of primary oocyte It will be stopped until puberty Between this time, primary oocyte in dormant condition. • Female baby 1 million oocytes in ovary • When she grow until pubertas, primary oocytes left 200 thousand • •

HUMAN REPRODUCTION 1. Objective to have offsprings 2. Sexually 3. Initiated with copulation (mating) 4. Copulated followed by internal fertilization 5. Fertilization sperm + ovum 6. Sperm spermatogenesis. 7. Ovum Oogenesis 8. Spermatogenesis and oogenesis = gamet formation = gametogenesis

Male Reproduction System INTERNAL ORGAN EXTERNAL ORGAN • TESTES • PENIS • Duct • SCROTUM (KANTUNG PELIR) • Gland

Male Reproduction • Epididymis – is a tightly coiled mass of thin tubes – carries sperm from the testes to the ductus defe`rens – Store sperms until it mature enough • Vas deferens (vasa deferentia-plural) – One of each testis – Sperm duct – Carries sperm away from the testis

• Urethra • Transporting urine and sperm • Penis • For copulation • Used to transfer sperm from the male to the female • Prostate Gland • Excrete sperm fluid

• Urethra • Transporting urine and sperm • Penis • For copulation • Used to transfer sperm from the male to the female • Prostate, Cowper (bulbouretral), seminal vesicle • Excrete sperm fluid

Air Mani/Semen • Media berenang sperma • Mempertahankan kehidupan sperma • Menetralisir asam • Kriteria air mani: – Putih susu s/d kekuningan – p. H 7, 2, 3 -5 m. L – > 60% spermatozoa aktif (70% normal) – 50 -100 juta/m. L

Kantung Air Mani • Vesicula Seminalis • Kiri kanan tubuh, di bawah kandung kemih • Mensekresikan cairan yang mengandung fruktosa dan vitamin energi bagi sperma

Kelenjar Prostat • Kenari, 14, 7 gr • Di bawah kandung kemih • Cairan mengandung fosfolipid abu-abu keputihan menetralkan asam

Kelenjar Cowper • • bulbouretral Sepasang Di bawah kelenjar prostat Lendir alkalis

FEMALE REPRODUCTION SYSTEM Internal Organ • Oviduct • Ovary • Uterus • Vagina External Organ • Vulva

OVARY • Primary sex organ (two ovaries) • Ovum produced in ovary • There are two oviducts or fallopian tubes carry egg from ovary to uterus. • Lower end of uterus is cervix or neck of uterus • It protrudes into vagina

OVIDUCT • infundibulum • fimbriae

UTERUS (WOMB) between the bladder and rectum From left and right oviduct Pear-shaped like End cervix nourish and house the fertilized egg until the unborn child, or offspring, is ready to be delivered. • Uterus wall many layers, blood vessels, excrete mucus • Endometrium mucous membrane that lines the inside of the uterus (womb) • • •

• Ovary produce: – Ovum – Estrogen hormone – Progesterone Hormone

PUBERTY – MENSTRUATION GESTATION

Puberty • Sexually mature • Grow faster • Sign?

Puberty Video

Hormones • When puberty, pituitary release: – Gn. RH LH and FSH follicle Follicle estrogen and progesteron

Follicle Stimulating Hormone • stimulates the growth of follicles in the ovaries, which secrete estrogen • Highest amount just before the ovulation • control the production of sperm • Amount constant

Luteinizing Hormone • stimulates ovulation • stimulating synthesis and secretion of • stimulates estrogen and testosterone progesterone production from the ovary

Negative Feedback

Estrogen • stimulates thickening of the uterine wall, maturation of an egg, and development of female sex characteristics. • provides feedback to inhibit FSH secretion and increase LH secretion. • Target: – Hair follicle – Mamary gland/breast – Adipose tissue

Progesteron • stimulates thickening of the uterine wall and formation of mammary ducts. • prepares the uterus for implantation of the zygote

Male Hormones • TESTOSTERON • Secreted by Leydig cells, located between tubulus seminiferus • Play role in Meiosis I • LH (Luteinizing Hormone) – Secreted by anterior hipofisis – Stimulated Leydig cells to produce testoteron

• Follicle Stimulating Hormon (FSH) – Secreted by anterior hypophysis – Stimulate sertoli cells to change spermatid to sperm (spermiasi) Production and development of sperm 2 °C lower than body temperature

Hormones and menstruation video

Menstruation • Occurs when the ovum isn’t fertilized

MENSTRUATION • • • Occurs when the fertilization doesn’t occur The uterus wall will rupture Happened periodically menstrual cycle Affected by hormones First time menarche – 10 -16 y. o. • Stop menstruation menopause • 40 -50 y. o.

Siklus Menstruasi • • MENSTRUATION PHASE PRA OVULATION PHASE PASCA OVULASE PHASE

PRA OVULATION PHASE • When? Until? • What happened? • Folicle De Graff

OVULATION PHASE • • What happened? When? Hormones? Corpus Luteum

PASCA OVULATION PHASE • Corpus Albicans • So? • For?

Pregnancy • • Gestation After the fertilization (in …. . ) Morulla blastocyst embryo Nidation?

Test • Test pack • h. CG • Symptomps?

Development

Day What happened? 0 -5 Mitosis 5 reach the uterus 7 attach to the endometrium 12 formation of ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm 8 wee structure fully developed, placenta develop. The k embryo now is fetus

Video Blastocyst development

Layer of Embryo • Ectoderm • Mesoderm • Entoderm

Ectoderm • Skin (epidermis) • Nervous system

Mesoderm • • • Skeleton Muscle Circulatory system Excretory system Reproduction system

Endodermis • Respiratory system • Digestive system

Function? ?

• YOLK SAC outside the developing embryo and is connected to the umbilical cord by a yolk stalk. It has function to nourish the embryo at the earliest stages. • AMNION is a liquid where the embryo float. It has function as protection of embryo from shock and bump. • CHORION wrap the amnion and yolk sac • ALLANTOIS has function as respiratory and excretion organ • Function of PLACENTA are for gas, nutrition, and excretion substances exchange between mother and fetus.

1. Gonorrhoea • • Neisseria gonnorhoea Inflammation and ill + pus Pregnant woman? Cured by……

2. Syphilis • • • Raja singa Triponema pallidum 1 -3 week after infection swollen >6 weeks other organs Can enter the placenta Cured by………… in early stage

3. AIDS • • Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Caused by……. . Attack body’s defense mechanism Dwell in blood and fluid of body Sexual contact, blood transfusion, organ transplant, syringe, and other contaminated tools • Pregnant woman fetus • ≠talking or touching

GANGGUAN PADA SISTEM REPRODUKSI WANITA • AMENORE PRIMER : Adalah tidak terjadinya menarche sampai usia 17 tahun. • AMENORE SEKUNDER : Tidak terjadinya menstruasi selama 3 -6 bulan atau lebih. • KANKER GENITALIA : Kanker yang terjadi pada vagina/serviks/ovarium. • ENDOMETRIOSIS : Jaringan endometrium yang berada di luar uterus. • INFEKSI VAGINA : Ditandai dengan keputihan dan gatal-gatal.

GANGGUAN PADA SISTEM REPRODUKSI PRIA • HIPOGONADISME : Penurunan fungsi testis yang disebabkan gangguan interaksi hormon. Gangguan ini dapat menyebabkan infertilitas, impotensi dll. • KRIPTORKIDISME : Adalah kegagalan satu atau dua testis untuk turun dari rongga perut ke skrotum • URETRITIS : Radang pada uretra dengan gejala rasa gatal pada penis dan sering buang air kecil. • ORKITIS : Radang pada testis yang disebabkan oleh virus parotitis. Dapat menyebabkan infertilitas.

Contraception • • PIL/injection/implant KB stop ovulation IUD Tubectomy Vasectomy

Tubectomy

Tubectomy

Vasectomy