HUMAN REPRODUCTION AND SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES PART 1

HUMAN REPRODUCTION AND SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES PART #1 ANATOMY & BIRTH LOARA HIGH SCHOOL HEALTH CREATED BY: ALLISON BOTTOM 1/03

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ANATOMY

FEMALE ANATOMY OVARY FALLOPIAN TUBES UTERUS -where baby grows UTERINE LINING FIMBRIA CERVIX

OVUM ANOTHER VIEW CERVIX VAGINA

FEMALE EXTERNAL VIEW • FIND: – – – – – PUBIC HAIR INNER LABIA URETHRA CLITORIS OUTER LABIA HYMEN VAGINA ANUS PARINEUM

FEMALE REPRODUCTION PRACTICE WS

More Anatomy

Tips for a healthy female reproductive system Bathe regularly. Change tampons or sanitary pads every few hours. Practice abstinence from sexual activity.

Problems of the female reproductive system Menstrual Cramps Sometimes occur at the beginning of a menstrual period. Light exercise or applying a heating pad to the abdominal area may help relieve symptoms. A health care professional may recommend medication for pain relief. Severe or persistent cramping, called dysmenorrhea, may be an indication that professional health services are required.

Problems of the female reproductive system Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) Caused by hormonal changes. Its symptoms, which may be experienced one to two weeks before menstruation, include nervous tension, anxiety, irritability, bloating, depression, and mood swings. Regular physical activity and good nutrition may reduce the severity of symptoms.

Disorders of the female reproductive system Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS) Rare but serious bacterial infection that affects the immune system and the liver and can be fatal. To reduce the risk of TSS, use tampons with the lowest possible absorbency and change tampons often. Warning signs of TSS include fever, vomiting, diarrhea, a sunburn-like rash, dizziness, and muscle aches. Any female with these symptoms should seek health care immediately.

Problems of the female reproductive system Endometriosis This painful, chronic disease occurs when tissue that lines the uterus migrates and grows in the ovaries, fallopian tubes, the uterus, or the lining of the pelvic cavity. Treatments include pain medications, hormone therapy, and surgery.

Other problems of the female reproductive system Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs on the ovary. Larger cysts may require surgery. Cervical, uterine, and ovarian cancer occur in the female reproductive system.

MALE REPRODUCTIVE ANATOMY

REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM BLADDER PROSTATE -adds chemical fluid URETHRA -carries urine & semen PENIS RECTUM

MORE ANATOMY SEMINAL VESICLE VAS DEFERENS TESTICLE (TESTES) -Adds sugary Fluid to semen COWPER’S GLAND -sperm are made EPIDIDYMIS SCROTUM (sac) -where sperm are stored and mature

SPERM PATH TESTES VAS DEFERENS EPIDIDYMIS URETHRA = OUT (picks up fluid)

MALE REPRODUCTION PRACTICE WS

More Anatomy

Care of the male reproductive system Get regular checkups by a physician. Perform regular selfexaminations for signs of cancer. Wear protective equipment during physical activities. Practice abstinence to avoid contracting STDs.

Problems of the male reproductive system Inguinal Hernia A separation of tissue that allows part of the intestine to push into the abdominal wall near the top of the scrotum. Symptoms of inguinal hernia may include a lump in the groin near the thigh, pain in the groin, or in severe cases, partial or complete blockage of the intestine. Surgery is usually necessary to repair the opening in the muscle wall.

Problems of the male reproductive system Sterility in males can result from too few sperm—fewer than 20 million per milliliter of seminal fluid—or sperm of poor quality. Causes of sterility: Environmental hazards Hormonal imbalance Certain medications and use of drugs Some diseases, including STDs

Problems of the male reproductive system Testicular Cancer Testicular cancer can affect males of any age but occurs most often in males between the ages of 14 and 40. Males should be prompted to seek health care if they notice any warning signs, such as a painless lump or swelling in either testicle or pain or discomfort in a testicle or in the scrotum. With early detection most testicular cancer is treatable through surgery, radiation therapy, or chemotherapy.

Problems of the male reproductive system Prostate Problems The prostate gland can become enlarged as a result of an infection, a tumor, and age-related problems. Symptoms may also indicate more serious conditions, including prostate cancer. Prostate cancer screening is usually done during routine physical exams for males over age 50. Early detection increases the chance of survival. Treatment includes surgery, radiation, and hormone therapy.

PREGNANCY AND BIRTH

HOW DOES PREGNANCY OCCUR INSIDE THE BODY?

OVULATION • OCCURS WHEN EGG IS RELEASED FROM THE OVARY

FERTILIZATION • EGG IS FERTILIZED BY THE SPERM IN THE FALLOPIAN TUBE

TRAVEL • FERTILIZED EGG MOVES THROUGH TUBE TOWARDS LINING OF THE UTERUS

IMPLANTATION • FERTILIZED EGG IMPLANTS IN UTERUS WHERE IT WILL GROW

SIGNS OF PREGNANCY LATE OR MISSED PERIOD LIGHTER OR SHORTER PERIOD BREAST TENDERNESS NAUSEA OR VOMITING APPETITE CHANGES FREQUENT URINATION FATIGUE OR TIREDNESS

PREGNANCY TESTS • URINE TEST: TESTS FOR HCG (hormone produced when woman is pregnant) PELVIC EXAM: CHECK THE SIZE OF UTERUS BLOOD TEST: NOT OFTEN USED URINE TEST: USED OFTEN

HOW TO AVOID PREGNANCY ABSTINENCE AND CONTRACEPTION

If fertilization does not occur= Menstruation

Labor Notes

WHAT HAPPENS DURING LABOR? STEP #1 FETUS USUALLY MOVES SO THAT ITS HEAD IS DOWN AGAINST THE CERVIX

STEP #2 • UTERINE CONTRACTIONS CAUSE THE CERVIX TO DILATE IN PREPERATION FOR THE BABY TO BE BORN

STEP #3 • THE CERVIX HAS COMPLETELY DILATED. • MEMBRANES SURROUNDING THE BABY HAVE RUPTURED • THE HEAD EMERGES AND THE SHOULDERS ROTATE

STEP #4 • THE BABY HAS BEEN BORN • THE UTERUS EXPELS THE PLACENTA AND THE UMBILICAL CORD

DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES (GROWTH) 3 -4 WEEKS EMBRYO 12 WEEKS FETUS 9 MONTHS FULL TERM Sex can be determined

HOW THE DEVELOPING BABY LIVES PLACENTA UMBILICAL CORD AMNIOTIC SAC

Uterus Fetus Amniotic Sac Umbilical Cord Protects Cervix Connects mom To baby Placenta Nourishes baby Vagina