Human Population Genetics ALU REPEATS Protein Synthesis ALU

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Human Population Genetics ALU REPEATS

Human Population Genetics ALU REPEATS

Protein Synthesis

Protein Synthesis

ALU INTRON INSERTIONS • SINEs (short, interspersed elements) that are 300 base pairs long

ALU INTRON INSERTIONS • SINEs (short, interspersed elements) that are 300 base pairs long

ALU INTRON INSERTIONS • Green sections

ALU INTRON INSERTIONS • Green sections

Importance to Geneticists • Most common transposable elements in your genome. ~ 1 million

Importance to Geneticists • Most common transposable elements in your genome. ~ 1 million • If present within introns of genes associated with particular pathologies, they can thereby be associated with that disease. The following human diseases have been linked with Alu insertions: – Breast cancer – Ewing's sarcoma – Familial hypercholesterolemia – Hemophilia – Neurofibromatosis – Diabetes mellitus type II

Importance to Geneticists • And the following diseases have been associated with single-nucleotide DNA

Importance to Geneticists • And the following diseases have been associated with single-nucleotide DNA variations in Alu elements impacting transcription levels: – Alzheimer's disease – Lung cancer – Gastric cancer • used to estimate relatedness among individuals. • used to estimate the frequency of an insert in a population and is a simple measure of molecular genetic variation.

Genetics of ALUs

Genetics of ALUs

Random Sample from the United States p = _____ q = _____

Random Sample from the United States p = _____ q = _____

Example Electrophoretic Gel for Individuals 2 -8

Example Electrophoretic Gel for Individuals 2 -8

Random Sample from Elko NV p = _____ q = _____

Random Sample from Elko NV p = _____ q = _____

Frequency of Alu Insertions for Ethnicity

Frequency of Alu Insertions for Ethnicity

Practice Problems • p 277 • #’s 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 13

Practice Problems • p 277 • #’s 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 13

Alu J Alu Jb Alu Jo Alu SxAlu J Alu Jb Alu Jo Alu Sx
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS Jessica Hawley PROTEIN SYNTHESIS Protein SynthesisPROTEIN SYNTHESIS Jessica Hawley PROTEIN SYNTHESIS Protein Synthesis
Protein Synthesis PROTEIN SYNTHESIS n Protein synthesis involvesProtein Synthesis PROTEIN SYNTHESIS n Protein synthesis involves
Transcription Translation Protein Synthesis Protein Synthesis Protein synthesisTranscription Translation Protein Synthesis Protein Synthesis Protein synthesis
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS Jessica Hawley PROTEIN SYNTHESIS Protein SynthesisPROTEIN SYNTHESIS Jessica Hawley PROTEIN SYNTHESIS Protein Synthesis
Population Genetics Population Genetics Population genetics is concernedPopulation Genetics Population Genetics Population genetics is concerned
ALU CPU Computer Architecture Introducing ALU ALU ArithmeticALU CPU Computer Architecture Introducing ALU ALU Arithmetic
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS Protein Synthesis The production synthesis ofPROTEIN SYNTHESIS Protein Synthesis The production synthesis of
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS 1 Protein Synthesis The production synthesisPROTEIN SYNTHESIS 1 Protein Synthesis The production synthesis
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS 1 Protein Synthesis The production synthesisPROTEIN SYNTHESIS 1 Protein Synthesis The production synthesis
Protein Synthesis Protein Synthesis Synthesis the process ofProtein Synthesis Protein Synthesis Synthesis the process of