Human Needs and Human Development CHAPTER 8 Learning

Human Needs and Human Development CHAPTER 8

Learning Objectives • Identify basic human needs • Explain why independence and self-care important • Identify ways to assist residents with sexual, spiritual, and emotional needs • Describe the need for activity • Discuss family roles and significance in health care • Describe the stages of human growth and development, including the normal aging process • Explain developmental disabilities and care guidelines

Basic Human Needs Physical Needs Psychosocial Needs Holistic Care

Promote Independence Encourage them • Be patient • Allow them to make choices • Bathing Moving Drinking Dressing ADLs Eating Toileting Brushing Losing Independence

Other Needs Sexual Needs • Knock and wait • Provide privacy • Do Not Disturb Spiritual Needs • Respect religious dietary practices • Respect religious items • Listen Emotional Needs • Offer support and encouragement • Listen • Refer Judgmental Disrespectful Judge Interfere Cliches

Activity Overall improved body function ↓ Heart Disease Improved ability to cope with stress ↓ Colon Cancer Improved sleep quality ↓ Diabetes Better eating habits Regular Activity ↓ Falls Increased energy Inactivity or Immobility • • Loss of self-esteem Depression Boredom Pneumonia UTI Constipation Blood clots Decreased senses

Family Nuclear 2 parents + child(ren) Single-Parent 1 parent + child(ren) Couple Married or committed Extended Parents, children, grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins, friends Blended Divorced or widowed parents remarried + child(ren) Families Help! • • Make care decisions • Communicate with the care team • Give support and encouragement Connect them to the outside world • Offer assurance

Growth and Development Infant Toddler • Birth to 12 months Preschooler • Ages 1 -3 Adolescence • Ages 13 -19 School-ager • Ages 3 -6 Young adulthood • Ages 19 -40 Pre-adolescence • Ages 6 -10 Middle adulthood • Ages 50 -65 • Ages 10 -13 Late adulthood • Ages 65 +

Aging Normal Abnormal Skin changes Signs of depression Weaker muscles Loss of logical thinking Slower reflexes Poor nutrition Short-term memory loss Shortness of breath Decreased appetite incontinence Weaker immune system

Developmental Disabilities Intellectual Disability • Most common developmental disorder • Below-average development and mental function Down Syndrome • Varying degrees of disability • Physical symptoms Cerebral Palsy • Brain damage in utero or during birth • May have both physical and mental disabilities Spina Bifida • Part of the backbone is not well-developed at birth • Range of disabilities Autism • Appears in childhood and continues throughout life (boys > girls) • Problems with communication and social skills

Review • Basic human needs • Independence • Sexual, spiritual, and emotional needs • Activity • Family • Growth and development • Aging • Developmental disabilities