HUMAN IMPACT on the BIOSPHERE Chapter 6 1

HUMAN IMPACT on the BIOSPHERE Chapter 6 -1 A Changing Landscape

INTEREST GRABBER How Does Everything Fit? Go to Section: Click here to play the Ch 6 video segment.

Section 6 -1 Leaving a Mark on the World Have you ever seen very old photographs of the town or city in which you now live? Has your area changed? Perhaps there are more buildings or roads than there were many years ago. Maybe your town or city has more trees and flowers now than it had years ago. Humans, like all organisms, have an effect on their environment. Go to Section:

Interest Grabber Answers 1. Choose an animal other than a human and describe at least two ways in which it may change its environment. Sample answers: A beaver both removes wood from a forest and dams a body of water. A dog digs a hole and may damage plants, but also may unearth worms and turn the soil. 2. What events might have led to the changes that occurred in your town or city? Sample answers: increase or decrease in population and industry. 3. What positive effect have humans had on their environment? What negative effect have humans had on their environment? Humans preserve, conserve, and restore the natural environment as well as construct facilities that improve human health. Humans pollute the air, water, and land with materials that can harm humans and other organisms.

HUMAN ACTIVITIES Humans participate in Food webs & __________ Biogeochemical cycles _____ http: //www. brevardcounty. us/mrrp/images/misc/boat_cartoon. jpg Humans play a part in the ecosystems on the planet

HUMAN ACTIVITIES can change local and global environments! HUNTING and GATHERING _______________ AGRICULTURE __________ INDUSTRY URBAN DEVELOPMENT ______________ Images from: http: //www. cs. utexas. edu/users/s 2 s/latest/art 1/src/proj/Art/cave_art/Hunters-Deer. jpg http: //www. istockphoto. com/file_thumbview_approve/127525/2/istockphoto_127525_farming. jpg http: //www. kidcrosswords. com/kidoutdoors/the%20 environment/pollution_smokestacks. jpg http: //www. lubee. org/images/about-threats-1. jpg

WHAT HAVE WE BEEN DOING? ____________ HUNTING and GATHERING http: //msnbc. msn. com/id/8302763 http: //www. aeffonline. org/images/poachersandelephant. jpg

HUNTING AND GATHERING Throughout human history, people have birds and mammals ______ hunted _________, fished in rivers, and gathered _________________ wild seeds, fruits, and nuts. Even these early people changed their environments _________ http: //www. amonsoquath. net/gallery/pages/chee. html

HUNTING AND GATHERING Today, people in many parts of the world still follow the “hunter-gatherer” way of life. These people make _______ few demands on the environment. However, some are beginning to modern technology such as guns, use __________ snowmobiles, or other tools. http: //www. travelwriter. co. za/let-the-train-strain_p 2. html http: //www. museevirtuel. ca/Exhibitions/Inuit_Haida/inuit/snowmobile. jpg

WHAT PROBLEMS CAN THIS CAUSE? OVERHUNTING can put animal ________ extinction populations at risk of ______ http: //www. geocities. com/jeniegirl 27/Seal. Hunting. html

http: //www. southeastutah. org/photos/dino. jpg VOCAB Species that has died out = _______ extinct Species whose population size is rapidly declining and will become extinct if the trend continues = _______ endangered http: //www. blackfootedferret. org/ Species that is in danger of becoming endangered in the near future = ______ threatened http: //www. fresnochaffeezoo. com/images/bald-eagle. gif

WHAT PROBLEMS CAN THIS CAUSE? Scientists hypothesize that the first humans to arrive in North America caused a major mass extinction _________of animals like woolly mammoths, giant sloths, and saber-toothed cats. http: //www. tunturisusi. com/kissat/smilodon 4. jpg

WHAT PROBLEMS CAN THIS CAUSE? Many species that once lived in North America (like zebra, cheetah, and yak) have disappeared from continent. http: //www. swindonweb. com/life/mammoth 1. jpg

EXAMPLE: WHALES During the 19 th and the earlier part of 20 th centuries, over-hunting led to a overkill severe _____of whale populations, and to ________ endangerment of five whale species. Minke whale = most hunted species http: //news. bbc. co. uk/2/shared/spl/hi/guides/456900/456973/html/nn 1 page 1. stm http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Whaling#Conservation_status

EXAMPLE: North American Buffalo Wild buffalo in America once numbered _______ 30 - 60 million, ranging from Virginia to Alaska and all points in between. Pile of bison skulls, 1870’s By 1884, the buffalo was close to extinction overhunting due to _______. http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/American_Bison

HOW DO WE HELP? International Whaling Commission has placed a moratorium on whaling. Only works if nations voluntarily comply http: //www. cdnn. info/eco/whaling_250146. jpg

HOW DO WE HELP? Conservation efforts, private ownership, and reintroduction of buffalo have allowed the population to recover slightly. Today, the total buffalo population in North America is estimated at 90, 000 and about 85 percent of these animals are privately owned. http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/American_Bison

WHAT PROBLEMS CAN THIS CAUSE? Many endangered animals today are Illegal poaching threatened by __________ / http: //cnnstudentnews. cnn. com/EARTH/9710/02/kenya. ivory. ap http: //www. aeffonline. org/images/poachersandelephant. jpg

OVERHUNTING/POACHING endangered. • All five rhino species are ______ • Just a few decades ago, the world’s rhino population exceeded 100, 000, but today there are less than 11, 000 due to _______ habitat loss and _________. poaching Rhino horns are in demand in many • ________ countries where they can bring over $60, 000/lb. It is ground into medicine in China and carved into ceremonial dagger handles in Yemen. http: //nationalzoo. si. edu/Publications/Zoo. Goer/2003/6/Sidebar_Forensics. cfm

WHAT CAN WE DO TO HELP? Convention on International Trade The________________ (CITES) in Endangered Species bans international ____ trade in products from endangered species. http: //www. mtholyoke. edu/~sjberg/CITES. htm

WHAT CAN WE DO TO HELP? Support “Green” organizations that work for laws to establish quotas and protect species. http: //www. nwf. org/ http: //www. maksimum. com/haberler/h/greenpeacee_cevre_cezasi. php http: //www. sierraclub. org/

HUMAN ACTIVITIES can also change local and global environments! HUNTING and GATHERING _______________ AGRICULTURE __________ INDUSTRY URBAN DEVELOPMENT ______________ Images from: http: //www. cs. utexas. edu/users/s 2 s/latest/art 1/src/proj/Art/cave_art/Hunters-Deer. jpg http: //www. istockphoto. com/file_thumbview_approve/127525/2/istockphoto_127525_farming. jpg http: //www. kidcrosswords. com/kidoutdoors/the%20 environment/pollution_smokestacks. jpg http: //www. lubee. org/images/about-threats-1. jpg

By end of last ice age (about 11, 000 years ago) humans began the practice of farming AGRICULTURE = _________ Soon people around the world were growing crops and raising animals for food agriculture http: //www. bu. edu/mzank/Jerusalem/im/agriculture. jpg

Changing Agriculture The spread of agriculture was one of most _____ important developments in human history. It _______ provided food in large quantities that could be stored for later. settle in one place and Allowed people to _________ enabled the ________of cities, development governments, laws, and writing. http: //www. travelwriter. co. za/let-the-train-strain_p 2. html http: //www. museevirtuel. ca/Exhibitions/Inuit_Haida/inuit/snowmobile. jpg

Changing Agriculture By middle of 20 th century, despite agricultural advances there were food ________in shortages many parts of the world. http: //www. enjoy. org/hstech/Hunger. Site 02/america/Ford. Schwartz/ Governments and scientists began a major effort to ______ food production increase

Changing Agriculture highly productive Plant breeders: developed ________ “miracle strains” of wheat and rice AND Modern ____________spread farming techniques http: //www. wfbf. com/media_center/photo_gallery/Soybean%20 combine. jpg http: //interactive. usask. ca/ski/media/stills/agriculture/crops/t_plant-breeder. jpg GREEN REVOLUTION This effort = ___________

Changing Agriculture Large fields are planted with a single variety MONOCULTURE year after year = ________ fertilizers Chemical _______ boosted crop growth pesticides and _______ controlled damaging insects http: //imagesource. allposters. com/images/NGSPOD 04/107870. jpg

Changing Agriculture Over the last 50 years, the green revolution double has helped world food production _____. Even though hunger is still a major problem in parts of the world, agriculture and the green revolution have provided many people with better nutrition. http: //www. enjoy. org/hstech/Hunger. Site 02/america/Ford. Schwartz/

Challenges for Future Modern agriculture has increased world food supplies _________, but has also created ecological ________ challenges. Large scale monoculture leads to problems Insect pests and ________. with ______ diseases Use of farm chemicals (fertilizers & pesticides) can damage ______ beneficial insects, ________ water supplies, and contaminate _______ in the environment accumulate

Challenges for Future Finding enough _____ for irrigation is water another problem. Less than ¼ of US farmland irrigation relies heavily on ______, but this area produces a major _____ portion of our harvest. http: //www. suu. edu/faculty/bowman/Econ 1740/Heilbroner. Zinn/ogallala_aquifer_map_pic_2. gif

http: //www. suu. edu/faculty/bowman/Econ 1740/Heilbroner. Zinn/ogallala_aquifer_map_pic_2. g Challenges for Future Many Midwest states rely OGALLALA on the ______aquifer for their water needs. However, we are using water faster than the replenish water cycle can _______ it. Evidence indicates this aquifer may run dry _____ within 20 -40 years.

HOW DO WE HELP? modern technology to farming is Applying __________ changing some of this environmental impact. EX: _________ and Satellite imaging __________ GPS technology enable farmers to apply chemicals ___________ only where needed

HOW DO WE FIX IT? Applying modern technology to farming is changing some of this environmental impact. EX: ______ and other “No-till” “green” farming methods can __________ reduce soil erosion and __________ protect ecosystems http: //cbarc. aes. oregonstate. edu/images/no-till. jpg

Sustainable Agriculture Ways Section 6 -4 to preserve the environment Cover Crops Legumes, grasses, and other cover crops recycle soil nutrients, reduce fertilizer need, and prevent weed growth. Contour Plowing Contour plowing reduces soil erosion from land runoff. On hilly areas, plowing is done across the hill rather than straight up and down. Controlled Grazing By managing graze periods and herd densities, farmers can improve nutrient cycling, increase the effectiveness of precipitation, and increase the carrying capacity of pastures. A B Yr. 1 Yr. 3 C Crop Rotation Different crops use and replenish different nutrients. alfalfa By rotating crops, the loss corn alfalfa (plowed in) of important plant nutrients is decreased. corn Yr. 2 Biological Pest Control The use of predators and parasites to control destructive insects minimizes pesticide use as well as crop damage oats alfalfa corn

HUMAN ACTIVITIES can also change local and global environments! HUNTING and GATHERING _______________ AGRICULTURE __________ INDUSTRY URBAN DEVELOPMENT ______________ Images from: http: //www. cs. utexas. edu/users/s 2 s/latest/art 1/src/proj/Art/cave_art/Hunters-Deer. jpg http: //www. istockphoto. com/file_thumbview_approve/127525/2/istockphoto_127525_farming. jpg http: //www. kidcrosswords. com/kidoutdoors/the%20 environment/pollution_smokestacks. jpg http: //www. lubee. org/images/about-threats-1. jpg

INDUSTRIAL GROWTH and URBAN DEVELOPMENT The impact of humans on the biosphere was INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION transformed by the ___________ during the 1800’s. http: //www. archives. gov/research/american-cities/images/american-cities-015. jpg

Industrial productivity and scientific advancements have provided us with the ___________ modern conveniences we enjoy today http: //www. vallartasource. com/images/cell_phone. jpg http: //www. danielwiener. com/daniel/tips/archives/humvee_2. jpg http: //www. scriptfx. com/gallery/computer/laptop. jpg http: //www. wii-volution. com/images/wii/gamecube. jpg http: //www. nbz. ru/pic/catalog/ipod_color. gif

BUT. . . The spread of urban areas has resulted in destruction the _______ habitats. Air, water, & soil pollution _______ has had an impact on surrounding ecosystems. http: //www. kidcrosswords. com/kidoutdoors/the%20 environment/pollution_smokestacks. jpg

Energy production requires burning fossil fuels ___________ which impacts air quality ________ global climate and ________. MORE ON THIS IN 6 -4! http: //tuberose. com/Environmental_Toxicity. html

SOURCES http: //www. animation-station. com/smileys/index. php? page=17 http: //mff. dsisd. net/Environment/Cycles. htm http: //www. romanviii. co. uk/bp/nhpage. asp? pcat=about_us

SOURCES http: //www. oldetimecooking. com/Images/Fruits/Apple. jpg http: //vilenski. org/science/safari/classifyall/eukaryotic. html http: //dustconnection. com/images/stories/cleaning_bucket_sm. jpg

POWER POINT BY K. RIEDELL • ADAPTED FOR MISSISSIPPI STATE SCIENCE FRAMEWORK