Human Factors Issues Chapter 8 What is Human
- Slides: 21
Human Factors Issues Chapter 8
What is Human Factors? n Application of the scientific knowledge of human capabilities and limitations to the design of systems and equipment to produce products with the most efficient, safe, effective, and reliable operation
Human Factors n n Interface points Environment Skill level of user Interaction between: n n n Human element Hardware element Software element Refrigerator Example
Human Element n Memory n n n n Long term Short term Thinking and reasoning Visual perception Dialogue construction Individual skill level Individual sophistication
Size limitations Possible user training Location of controls Compatibility with other equipment Hardware Element Control knobs/switches Display area Potential need for portability
Simple, reliable data entry Displays must not be overcrowded Software Element Feedback to users Dialogue must be jargon-free Menu driven
Human Factors Process n n n Analytic process that focuses on device objectives Design and development process that converts results of analyses into detailed equipment features Test and evaluation process which verifies that development process satisfies constraints
Steps in Human Factors Process n n n Planning Analysis Conduct user studies n n n n Observations Interviews Focus groups Task analysis Benchmark usability tests User profile Setup advisory panel Crucial Pieces of Human Factors Process
Safety n n Should reflect system and personnel safety factors Failures n n n Fail safe Failure indications Standards- ANSI, AAMI, ISO
Documentation n n Written to meet needs of various target populations Study capability and information needs of documentation users n n Attempt to avoid this! n Mental abilities Physical abilities Previous experience Understanding of general operation Special needs of environment
Anthropometry n n n Science of measuring human body and its parts and functional capacities Range of values: 5 th percentile female to 95 th percentile male Functional dimensions Psychological elements Workstation design considerations
Labeling n n Labels should be clear and direct Controls, displays, and other equipment that must be located should be clearly marked Receptacles and connectors should be marked with intended function or connection Hazard warnings should be prominent
Labeling?
Software n n n Every user input should consistently produce some perceptible response from the computer Log-on should be automatically completed before any operation Allow for orderly shutdown in case of failure
Data Entry n n Consistent data entry transactions Minimize user input actions Feedback to user about acceptance or rejection of an entry Ability to change entry after it has been added
Feedback n n n Present status, information, confirmation, and verification throughout the interaction Standby should be accompanied by ‘WAIT’ message Feedback should be self-explanatory
Prompts n n Commands, error messages, system capabilities, and procedures should be explained with prompts or help instructions Missing data/aborting changes should be prompted Factual and informative dialogue Displayed in standardized area
Defaults n n n Currently defined default values should be provides and automatically displayed User should be prompted for acceptance of defaults Users should be able to set their own default
- Site versus situation
- Abiotic factors in an ecosystem
- Abiotic vs biotic factors
- Abiotic factors and biotic factors
- Biotic vs. abiotic factors infographic
- Situation location
- Find the factors of 24
- Common factors of 10 and 20
- Factos of 8
- Current issues in human resource management
- Human needs and human development
- Chapter 8 human needs and human development
- Chapter 20 today's issues in africa
- Chapter 2 ethical and legal issues
- Chapter 3 medical legal and ethical issues
- Legal and ethical issues chapter 3
- Chapter 20 today's issues in africa
- Legal and ethical issues chapter 5
- Legal and ethical issues chapter 3
- Chapter 11 today's issues in latin america
- Chapter 9 inventories additional valuation issues
- Chapter 6 legal and ethical issues