Human ENDOCRINE AND IMMUNE Systems Endocrine system Structure

Human ENDOCRINE AND IMMUNE Systems

Endocrine system • Structure: glands make hormones • Function: Controls body functions; keeps body working properly

ENDOCRINE GLANDS

Adrenal glands • Adrenaline (epinephrine) – speeds up heart, breathing rates. • “Fight or flight” syndrome – fight for survival or run from danger.

Pancreas • Regulates blood sugar levels. • Insulin – decreases “ “ “ • Glucagon – increases “ “ “

Thyroid gland • Regulates metabolic rate (rate at which you use E).

Parathyroid glands • Secrete parathormone • Regulate Ca 2+ levels in blood.

Ovaries, Testes • Sex hormones – turn children into adults (puberty). • Make reproduction possible.

Pituitary gland • Many hormones • “Master Gland” • Regulates many other glands.

Factoids: • Imagine your body without glands. You'd be without all the ooze, sweat, mucus, chemicals and juices in your body that make your body “home. “ • For girls, puberty generally begins at 913 years of age. For boys, it usually begins at 10 -15 years of age.

THE Immune system • Protects body from diseases, toxins An immune cell undergoing an allergic reaction

IMMUNE SYSTEM

Macrophages • Engulf & eat microbes, viruses

T-cells • Coordinate the immune response

B-cells • Make antibodies – proteins that attach to specific antigens (pathogens). • Each pathogen (disease-causing organism) stimulates body to make a different antibody.

Fever • Body temp. increases a few degrees. • Slows growth of some pathogens. • Helps B cells, T cells reproduce faster.

THE END