HUMAN DEVELOPMENT TABLE TALK Talk about the difference
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
TABLE TALK Talk about the difference between GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT
GROWTH: GENERALLY REFERS TO CHANGES IN SIZE
DEVELOPMENT: OCCURS THROUGH MATURATION OF PHYSICAL & MENTAL CAPACITIES & LEARNING
4 TYPES OF GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT • Physical: body growth and changes in the body • Mental/ Cognitive: intellectual development like learning • Emotional: feelings like love, hate, joy, fear • Social: interactions and relationships with other people
TALK WITH TABLE: WHY IS IT IMPORTANT FOR HCW TO BE FAMILIAR WITH THESE LIFE STAGES AND DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES PEOPLE GO THROUGH?
HEALTH WORKERS NEED TO BE FAMILIAR WITH EACH DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE IN ORDER TO RECOGNIZE *MALADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR AND PROVIDE QUALITY HEALTHCARE. *behavior that is often used to reduce one's anxiety, but the result is dysfunctional and non-productive (ie. drugs, alcohol, avoidance)
LIFE STAGES
INFANCY
• language of newborn is the cry • usually eats every 2 to 3 hours • uncoordinated movements • toothless • poor vision (focusing range 8 to 12 inches) • usually doubles weight by 9 months • responds to human voice & touch
REFLEXES • Moro Reflex: when baby is startled, baby outstretches arms and legs • Grasp Reflex: hands grab when you touch the palm • Rooting Reflex: rub side of cheek or roof of mouth; turns head and prepares to suck • Babinski Reflex: the toes spread when the bottom of the foot is stroked
EARLY CHILDHOOD 1 -6 years old
ONE-YEAR OLD
• change from plump baby to leaner more muscular toddler • begins to walk & talk • ability for passive language (better understanding of what’s being said) • tentative sense of independence • determined explorer
TWO-YEAR OLD
• begins to communicate verbally (name, etc. ) • can usually speak in 3 to 4 word sentences • famous for negative behavior “NO!” to everything! temper tantrums • will play side by side other children, but does not actively play with them • great imitators
THREE YEAR OLD
• wants to be just like parents • vocabulary and pronunciation continue to expand • climbs stairs with alternating feet • can briefly stand on one foot
FOUR YEAR OLD
• sentences are more complex; speaks well enough for strangers to understand • imagination is vivid; line between what is real & imaginary is often indistinct • develops fears (common fears: fear of dark, fear of animals, & fear of death)
FIVE-YEAR OLD
- CAN HOP ON ONE FOOT & SKIP - CAN ACCURATELY COPY FIGURES - MAY BEGIN TO READ - SOCIAL WITH OTHER CHILDREN THEIR AGE
LATE CHILDHOOD: PREADOLESCENCE 6 -12 YEARS
• both large & small muscles well-developed • developed complex motor skills • Go from independent activities to same sex group activities • acceptance by peers very important • parental approval still important
ADOLESCENCE 12 -20 YEARS • traumatic life stage for child & parent • puberty occurs • extremely concerned with appearance • trying to establish self-identity • confrontations with authority • Eating disorders & suicide prevalent • Anorexia Nervosa • Bulimia
YOUNG ADULT 20 -40 YEARS
• physical development complete • emotional maturation continues to develop • usually learned to accept responsibility for actions & accept criticism • usually knows how to profit from errors • socially progress from age-related peer groups to people with similar interests
MIDDLE ADULTHOOD 40 -65 YEARS
• physical changes begin to occur: • hair begins to thin & gray • wrinkles appear • hearing & vision decrease • muscles lose tone • main concerns: children, health, job security, aging parents, & fear of aging • love & acceptance still take a major role
LATE ADULTHOO D 65 AND UP
• fastest growing age bracket of society • physical deterioration (brittle bones, poor coordination) • some memory problems • Alzheimer’s Disease • Arteriosclerosis • coping with retirement & forms of entertainment • very concerned with health & finances • significant number become depressed; suicide rate is high
INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES TO TAKE INTO CONSIDERATION Cultural & Subcultural differences value systems, rites of passage, rituals Ethnic differences skin tones, facial features, language Religious differences Physical differences large/small, disabilities thin/fat, anomalies, Personalities predisposition creative, etc. to be outgoing, shy,
PARTNER PAIR UP
ARTERIOSCLEROSIS PUBERTY Growth DEVELOPMENT INFANCY LATE ADULTHOOD ADOLESCENCE ANOREXIA NERVOSA SOCIAL ROOTING REFLEX COGNITIVE
ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE SUICIDE MIDDLE ADULTHOOD BULEMIA EARLY ADULTHOOD MORO REFLEX PHYSICAL EMOTIONAL GRASP REFLEX
- Slides: 35
