Human Development 28 Human Development and Development Assistance

Human Development 28 Human Development and Development Assistance 28

28. 0 Human Development and Development Assistance Human Development Learning Intentions You will be able to: § Describe what human development is. § Explain the indicators used to measure economic development. § Explain where aid comes from and its different types. § Examine the role Irish Aid plays in helping human development. § Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of aid on human development. § Understand how technology aids in human development. 28

28. 1 What is Human Development? Human Development 28 Human development is the process of increasing people’s freedoms and opportunities while also improving their well-being. It is the freedom for people to decide who to be, what to do and how to live.

28. 1 What is Human Development? Human Development Measuring Human Development The United Nations (UN) decides the level of human development of a country by gathering and recording information on three main indicators: Life expectancy Education Income levels (Gross National Income (GNI)) The UN has developed the Human Development Index (HDI) to measure the human development of a country. 28

28. 1 What is Human Development? World Map of Human Development 28

28. 2 Human Development Aid Human Development What is Aid? Aid refers to a donation of resources by one government or non-governmental organisation (NGO) to a country experiencing short- or long-term need. These resources can be in the form of: Emergency supplies Food People with skills Technology Money (grants or loans) 28

28. 3 Ireland’s Bilateral Aid Human Development 28 Sources of Aid 1 2 3 Non-government aid Bilateral aid Multilateral aid Assistance provided by NGO. Assistance given by a government directly to the government of another country. Assistance provided by multiple governments to international organisations. The money for this aid is mainly provided by public donations. Also called Official Development Assistance

28. 3 Ireland’s Bilateral Aid Human Development 28 Types of Aid There are four different types of aid. 1. Emergency or Short-term Aid The immediate provision of food, water and emergency shelter. 2. Conditional or Tied Aid Where conditions are attached to the donation of money or resources. 3. Untied Aid Assistance given to developing countries by governments without conditions attached. 4. Long-term Developmental Aid Provides local communities with education and skills for sustainable development.

28. 3 Ireland’s Bilateral Aid Human Development Untied Aid and Irish Aid Untied aid provided by the Irish government agency Irish Aid supports work in a large number of countries throughout the developing world. Ethiopia Lesotho Malawi Mozambique Sierra Leone Tanzania Uganda Zambia Vietnam 28

28. 3 Ireland’s Bilateral Aid Human Development How does Irish Aid Help Human Development? Trade and economic growth Supporting Education Eradicating poverty Irish Aid – Helping Human Development Eradicating hunger Promoting gender equality Improving health Coping with climate change 28

28. 4 Advantages and Disadvantages of Aid Advantages Emergency aid in times of disaster saves lives. Aid helps rebuild housing and industry after a disaster. Human Development 28 Disadvantages Aid can increase the dependency of developing countries on donor countries. Aid may not reach the people who need it most due to political corruption. Provision of medical training, medicines and equipment can improve health and standards of living. Aid can be used to put political or economic pressure on the receiving country. Aid in the form of resources helps people to help themselves, for example by increasing years spent in school and improving literacy levels. Military aid can defend borders and keep order in times of emergency. However, if not properly monitored, military aid can become corrupt.

28. 5 Technology and Human Development 28 Providing appropriate technology – or ‘intermediate technology’ – to a country can significantly help its human development. This technology can be used to improve health services, farming techniques and water supplies for a developing country. An example of intermediate technology (water pump)

Human Development Video: African Farming 28