Human Communication The Basic Course Twelfth Edition Power
Human Communication: The Basic Course Twelfth Edition Power. Point™ Presentations prepared by: Naomi Young University of California, San Diego Joseph A. De. Vito Hunter College of the City University of New York
Chapter Eight: Relationship Stages and Theories This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; any rental, lease, or lending of the program. Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Chapter Goals Learn About: Ø The ways in which relationships develop and the stages they go through Ø The theories that attempt to account for our relationship decisions and choices Ø The “dark side” of relationships Learn To: Ø Communicate in appropriate ways to your relationship stage Ø Assess your own relationship behavior and make adjustments as needed Ø Deal with relationship jealousy and violence in productive ways Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 3
Interpersonal Relationship – Advantages Lessen loneliness u Learn about yourself u Contribute to physical u And emotional health u Maximize pleasure, minimize pain u Provides stimulation u Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Disadvantages of Interpersonal Relationships Pressure for self-disclosure u Increased obligations to others u Potential for abandonment u Difficulty in dissolution u Possible loss of relationship u Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Relationship Stages Ø Contact Ø Involvement Ø Intimacy Ø Deterioration Ø Repair Ø Dissolution
Relationship Stages Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Contact u Perceptual contact u Interactional contact u Qualities such as friendliness, warmth, openness, and dynamism are revealed at the contact stage Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Involvement u Development of mutuality and connectedness u Partner ‘testing’ u Self-disclosure Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Intimacy o o o Express thoughts and feelings Commit yourself further to that person Becomes best friend, lover, or companion Communication more personalized, synchronized Increase affiliate cues Duchenne smiles
Deterioration Ø Poor communication Ø Third-Party relationships Ø Relationship changes Ø Sex- and work- related problems Ø Financial difficulties Ø Beliefs about relationship
Phases of Deterioration Ø Interpersonal separation Ø Social/public separation Ø Avoidance Ø Definition change of relationship Ø “Good-bye” phase Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Repair Ø Recognize problem Ø Conflict resolution Ø Pose solutions Ø Affirm each other Ø Integrate solutions Ø Risk giving
Dissolution Ø Break loneliness- depression cycle Ø Take time out Ø Bolster self-esteem Ø Seek support of others Ø Avoid repeating negative patterns Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Relationship Theories Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Attraction Theory Similarity u Proximity u Reinforcement u Physical Attractiveness - greater sense of familiarity with attractive people u Culture influences attractiveness u Personality – influences attractiveness; pleasantness preferred u Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Relationship Rules Theory Friendship Rules u Romantic Rules u Family Rules u Workplace Rules u Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Relationship Dialectics Theory u Argues that people in a relationship experience dynamic tensions between pairs of opposing motives or desires – Closedness and openness – Autonomy and connection – Novelty and predictability Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Social Penetration Theory u Describes relationships in terms of the number of topics that people talk about and their degree of “personalness” Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Two Other Theories Social Exchange Theory u u Claims that you develop relationships that will enable you to maximize your profits Rewards Costs Profits Equity Theory u Claims that people develop and maintain relationships in which the ratio of your rewards relative to your costs is approximately equal to your partner’s Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
The “Dark Side” of Interpersonal Relationships u Jealousy/envy – Cognitive jealousy – Emotional jealousy – Behavioral jealousy u Relationship violence – Physical abuse – Verbal or emotional – Sexual Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
The Alternatives to Violence Fairness in conflict resolution u Safe and open communication u Mutual respect and affirmation u Accountability u Fair distribution of responsibilities u Trust and respect in sexual relations u Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Dealing With Violence If partner is violent: u Realize that you’re not alone. u Realize that you are not at fault u Plan for your safety u Know your resources If you are the violent partner: u Realize that you too are not alone u Know that you can change u Own your own behaviors; take responsibility Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Knowledge to Action : How can understanding these stages improve your relationship development or dissolution?
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