Human Communication The Basic Course Twelfth Edition Power

Human Communication: The Basic Course Twelfth Edition Power. Point™ Presentations prepared by: Naomi Young University of California, San Diego Joseph A. De. Vito Hunter College of the City University of New York

Chapter Four: Listening In Human Communication This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; any rental, lease, or lending of the program. Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Chapter Goals Learn About: Ø Avoid the barriers to effective listening Ø Adjust your listening so that it’s most effective for the specific situation Ø Listen with sensitivity to cultural and gender variations Learn To: Ø Avoid the barriers to effective listening Ø Adjust your listening so that it’s most effective for the specific situation Ø Listen with sensitivity to cultural and gender variations Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 3

Task and Relationship Benefits of Effective Listening o Learning o Relating o Influencing o

The Listening Process Ø Ø Understanding Remembering Evaluating Responding Communication can go wrong at

The Listening Process Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

If you have unimpaired hearing: u Set up a comfortable context u Speak at

u Prepare yourself to listen u Avoid distractions u Pay attention to introductions u Take notes in outline form u Assume relevance u Listen for understanding Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cues to Lying Verbal and Nonverbal behaviors Liars u hold back make less sense

Listening Barriers Distractions: Physical and Mental u Biases and Prejudices u Lack of Appropriate Focus u Premature Judgment u Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Styles of Effective Listening u Empathic and objective listening u Nonjudgmental and critical listening u Surface and depth listening u Polite and impolite listening u Active and inactive listening Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Empathic and Objective Listening Ø Punctuate from the speaker’s point of view Ø Seek to understand both thoughts and feelings Ø Avoid “offensive listening” Ø Strive especially to be objective in listening to friends and foes alike Ø Avoid trying to solve the problem Ø Encourage the speaker to explore his or her feelings further Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Nonjudgmental and Critical Listening o Keep an open o o mind Avoid filtering/ oversimplifying difficult messages Recognize own biases Avoid uncritical listening Recognize fallacies Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Listening Fallacies Ø Weasel words Ø Euphemisms Ø Jargon Ø Gobbledygook Copyright © 2012,

Surface and Depth Listening Ø Focus on verbal and nonverbal messages Ø Listen for content and relational messages Ø Make note of speaker’s self-references Ø Don’t disregard the literal meaning Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Polite and Impolite Listening u u u Politeness often thought of as exclusive function of the speaker May be signaled through listening Polite listening: – Avoid interrupting – Use supportive listening cues – Show empathy – Maintain eye contact – Give positive feedback Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Polite and Impolite Listening ‘Forced u u u Listening’ (Cell Phone Usage) Avoid using cell phones where inappropriate Ex. restaurants, hospitals, theatres, museums, etc. Put phone on vibrate or voicemail when in the classroom When call cannot be avoided, speak quietly and briefly Do not take pictures of people who aren’t posing; erase picture if requested Avoid extended talking when reception is weak ask if this is a good time to call—a strategy that helps maintain autonomy Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Active and Inactive Listening Reflecting back perceived meaning to the speaker Copyright © 2012,

Techniques of Active Listening u Paraphrase u Express the speaker’s meaning understanding of speaker’s feelings u Ask questions—ensure understanding Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Listening and Culture Language and Speech u Nonverbal Behaviors u Feedback u Credibility u

Listening and Gender Women Men Ø Build more rapport Ø Ø More listening cues Ø Ø More eye contact Ø Often play down Goal: To be liked Change topics/subjects more Ø Like to show their expertise more expertise Ø Interrupt more Ø Goal: Accord respect Generalizations about gender: Starting point for investigation, not airtight conclusions Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Four Listening Influences Ø Language and speech Ø Nonverbal behaviors Ø Feedback Ø Credibility

Listening Power u Powerful or powerless through listening behaviors – Responding – Adaptors – Posture – Note Taking – Eye Focus Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Listening in Human Communication Knowledge to Action: Alternate and take two minutes to tell your neighbor about your weekend or the last movie you saw. While listening, practice active listening. How does it feel to do this? Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.