Human Body Systems Body Organization Our bodies are
Human Body Systems
Body Organization Our bodies are organized: 1. 2. 3. 4. organelle cell tissue organ 5. organ system 6. organism
Body Systems The human body is made of many different control one or more systems – each used to _______ functions _____ of the body. interact The systems of the body must _____ with each other in order to maintain _______. homeostasis internal body Homeostasis = maintaining _____ constant conditions _____ even though _____ external conditions _______. change
Body Systems _____: Nervous regulates the body with electrical impulses __________: Endocrine regulates the body with hormones ____________: ______ Circulatory transports material throughout the body ____: protects the body from disease Immune (_____) pathogens
_____: Excretory removes metabolic ____ wastes _____: Digestive breaks down _____ nutrients and absorbs them into body ____ Respiratory gases used ______: exchanges the ______ in cellular respiration Skeletal shapes and _________: protects the body; stores _____ minerals Muscular moves body and ______: _________ materials in body
Nervous System ____ Controls and ______ coordinates all body systems (known as ______) Regulation and responds to both internal and external stimuli _______. Stimulus = a ____ signal to which an organism _____responds Response = a ____, single _____ specific reaction to a stimulus brain ______, spinal cord Major organs: _______, _______ nerves
Basic Brain Science The human brain weighs about __ 3 pounds billions and contains _______ of cells. The basic signaling cell of the brain is the ______. neuron It is the ______ interaction between neurons that enables us to _____, move ______, and maintain think ______. homeostasis
Basic Brain Parts _____ – center of _____ Cerebrum conscious thought, ____ learning and your _______. senses Cerebellum _____ – responsible coordinating your for ______ voluntary or _____ skeletal muscles. Medulla _______ – controls all _____ involuntary functions.
You and Your Cerebrum Your cerebrum may control conscious lobesof the thought, but the different _____ cerebrum process different information. This allows us to ____ process large amounts of information _______ and quickly _______. simultaneously THINK: What is involved in driving a car?
Your Brain
Keeping things in BALANCE! Your cerebellum is responsible for muscles that move coordinating all the _______ your ____. skeleton Think about the number of muscles involved in ____ standing upright! Your cerebellum needs _____ time to learn to ______ your muscles – this is why control _______ babies need to learn to ______ crawl before they can _____. walk
Medulla Oblongata + Pons The medulla oblongata controls all involuntary functions, like ____ breathing and ______. heart rate The medulla also connects the ______ brain to spinal cord the ______. The pons receives information from your ____ senses and is involved motor in _______ control.
Nerve Messages… _____ receive messages from other Dendrites neurons. The ____ nucleus cell body contains the cell’s ____. The _____ axon carries a message _____ away from the cell body. Axon terminals -- the ____ end of the nerve cell.
One neuron growing a connection to a neighboring neuron… axon terminals axon dendrites cell body
Nerve cells do not _______ touch -- they are synapse separated by a gap called a _____. Electrical signals need ____ contact to transmit. Synapses have ____ contact! NO To _____ jump the synapse, nerve messages must change to a _____ chemical signal.
Messages sent along nerves are called impulses _____, and they have both an _____ electrical and a _____ chemical component. electrical signal is sent from one end of An _____ a _____ neuron to the other. The first neuron will secrete a neurotransmitter chemical that passes _______ -- a _____ on the impulse to the next neuron.
Synapses The average neuron forms approximately _____ synapses with other neurons! 1, 000 new synapses or Neurons form __________ strengthen synaptic connections in life experiences response to _______! This is the basis for ______! LEARNING
Synapses The chemicals released into the synapses are called ________. neurotransmitters Different neurotransmitters have different _____ functions and different _______ effects on the body.
Nerve cells have special _____ receptors that can specific neurotransmitters. pick up only _____ enzyme will only work ***Almost like an _____ substrate with one _____. . . brain receives an impulse from When the _______ the body, it will determine a _____ and send out a signal to the ______ organ or response target tissue.
There are two main parts to your nervous system: Central Nervous System consists of The _____ the _______ brain and ______. spinal cord The _____ Peripheral Nervous System consists of all the nerves that aren’t _______ part of the brain & spinal cord.
Peripheral Nervous System Peripheral nerves can be separated into two groups: Sensory neurons receive input from your _____ senses and send the messages to the brain ____. Motor neurons receive messages from the _______ brain and send them to target ____ musclesor _______. organs
Reflexes Your spinal cord responds to ____ danger in the environment very ____! quickly Danger is sensed by your _____ sensory neurons, an ____ impulse is sent to the spinal signal to move your cord, which sends a ______ body out of the danger zone. The message _____ bypasses the ______! brain **This is why you ______ move before you think about it! actually ______
Soma-what? Your ____ Somatic nervous system regulates those activities that are under _____ conscious control. skeletal This includes movement of ____ muscles. Autonomic nervous system regulates Your ______ those activities that are _____ under. NOT conscious control! (Involuntary) heart rate _____, digestion etc. Things like: _____,
Autonomic The Autonomic nervous system has 2 parts: 1. ______ Sympathetic Nervous System 2. ________ Parasympathetic Nervous System Sympathetic is concerned with the ______ fight or flightresponse. __________ Increases heart rate, _______ slows digestion and ______ absorption of nutrients, increases the blood to _____. clot ability of _______
Parasympathetic is the ____ opposite of the sympathetic – to a point. Once the ____ danger has passed, the parasympathetic nervous system ____ reverses the changes caused by the sympathetic. slows digestion _____, resumes Heart rate ____, elimination of wastes. restores the ______
Disorders Brain ______/_______: tumor cancer uncontrolled ____ mitosis in brain – will damage brain tissue _____ burst of _____: Epilepsy abnormal electrical signals that can cause _____ seizures _____________: Alzheimer’s degenerative disease of ____ neurons in brain – causes impaired memory _____, actions confusion ____, _____
Multiple sclerosis: degeneration of the myelin sheath that surrounds neurons. ____ Myelin allows the _____ electrical part of the nerve impulse to travel quickly and not _________ interfere with other impulses. communicate with People lose the ability to ______ their ____ and _______. organs muscles
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