Human Body Systems Bio Ed Online Levels of

Human Body Systems Bio. Ed Online

Levels of Organization in the Body n n Cells Tissues n Epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous Organs n Examples include stomach, liver, heart Organ Systems n Examples include digestive and circulatory systems Bio. Ed Online www. Bio. Ed. Online. org

Tissues in the Human Body n n Epithelial n Covering or lining tissue Connective n Joins, stores and supports Muscle n Internal and external movement Blood Muscle Nerve n Conducts electrical signals Nerve Bio. Ed Online www. Bio. Ed. Online. org

Human Organ Systems Skeletal Muscular Circulatory Immune Respiratory Digestive Excretory Reproductive Nervous Endocrine Integumentary Bio. Ed Online www. Bio. Ed. Online. org

Human Skeletal System n Functions n Framework and support Protection n Storage n n Axial and appendicular skeleton n Bone structure n Joints and ligaments Bio. Ed Online www. Bio. Ed. Online. org

Human Skeleton Diagram Skull Scapula Humerus Ulna Clavicle Sternum Ribs Radius Carpals Metacarpals Phalanges Pelvis Femur Patella Fibula Tibia Tarsals Metatarsals Phalanges Bio. Ed Online www. Bio. Ed. Online. org

Human Muscular System n Functions n Movement Warmth n Posture Muscle Properties n Ability to contract n Ability to be stretched n Ability to respond to a stimulus n n n Muscle Types n Skeletal n Smooth n Cardiac Bio. Ed Online www. Bio. Ed. Online. org

Human Muscular System Diagram Deltoid Pectoralis major Biceps brachi Gluteus maximus Rectus femoris Gastrocnemius Bio. Ed Online www. Bio. Ed. Online. org

Three Types of Human Muscle Tissue Skeletal Smooth Cardiac Bio. Ed Online www. Bio. Ed. Online. org

Human Circulatory System n n n Transports nutrients, gases, wastes, water, and hormones and also distributes heat Structures of circulatory system n Heart n Vessels n Blood Lymphatic system Erythrocytes White blood cells Bio. Ed Online www. Bio. Ed. Online. org

Diagram of Human Heart Aorta Superior vena cava Pulmonary artery Left atrium Right atrium Mitral Valve Tricuspid Valve Left Ventricle Right Ventricle Anterior view Bio. Ed Online www. Bio. Ed. Online. org

Human Immune System n Nonspecific defense responses n Skin and mucous membranes n Inflammatory response Temperature n Proteins n White blood cells n n Specific immune responses n Humoral immunity n Cell-mediated immunity Bio. Ed Online www. Bio. Ed. Online. org

Disease Prevention in Humans n Identifying Pathogens n Vaccination n Disorders n Allergies n Autoimmune disease n Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Bio. Ed Online www. Bio. Ed. Online. org

Human Respiratory System n n Respiration is gas exchange between an organism and the environment Respiratory structures include the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchioles and alveoli n Mechanics of Breathing n Respiratory Diseases Exhalation Inhalation Bio. Ed Online www. Bio. Ed. Online. org

Human Respiratory System Diagram Nasal Passage Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchioles Bronchus Alveoli Bio. Ed Online www. Bio. Ed. Online. org

Human Digestive System n n n Digestion is the breakdown of nutrients to a level that can be used by cells of the body. Structures n GI tract (mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine) n Accessory (teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gall bladder, pancreas) Nutrition Bio. Ed Online www. Bio. Ed. Online. org

Human Digestive System Diagram Mouth Pharynx Esophagus Liver Stomach Large Intestine Small Intestine Villi Bio. Ed Online www. Bio. Ed. Online. org

Human Excretory System n n Excretion is the removal of metabolic wastes from the body, including toxic chemicals, excess water, carbon dioxide and salts. Excretory Organs Skin n Lungs n Kidneys n Bio. Ed Online www. Bio. Ed. Online. org

Human Urinary System Diagram Nephron Kidney Ureter Urinary Bladder Urethra Bio. Ed Online www. Bio. Ed. Online. org

Human Endocrine System n n The endocrine system consists of ductless glands that produce hormones. n Hypothalamus, pituitary, pineal, thyroid, parathyroid, thymus, adrenal, pancreas, ovary, testes Hormones are chemical messengers that travel through the blood stream and affect activities throughout the body. n Steroid hormones n Nonsteroid hormones Bio. Ed Online www. Bio. Ed. Online. org

Human Endocrine System Diagram Hypothalamus and Pituitary gland Thymus Adrenal gland Thyroid and Parathyroid glands Pancreas Ovary Testis Bio. Ed Online www. Bio. Ed. Online. org

Human Nervous System n n n Controls and coordinates functions throughout the body Neurons are specialized cells that transmit impulses throughout the body. Nervous System n Central Nervous System n Peripheral Nervous System n n Somatic Autonomic Bio. Ed Online www. Bio. Ed. Online. org

Human Neuron Diagram Dendrite Cell body Myelin sheath Axon Node of Ranvier Axon terminals Bio. Ed Online www. Bio. Ed. Online. org

Human Integumentary System n n Consists of the skin, hair, and nails Skin n Epidermis n Dermis n Subcutaneous tissue n Hair and nails Bio. Ed Online www. Bio. Ed. Online. org

Homeostasis: Regulating the Internal Environment n A controlled, stable internal environment n Gains and losses must balance n Control systems n Receptor, control center, effector n Feedback loops n n Negative feedback Positive feedback Bio. Ed Online www. Bio. Ed. Online. org