Human Body Skeletal System How many bones are

Human Body

Skeletal System • How many bones are in the skeletal system? 206 • What important role does the skeletal system play in a living organism? (be specific!) Movement by providing a series of independent movable levers which the muscles can pull to move different parts of the body and also provide support. Structure and protection • What two types of cells are produced in the bone marrow? What other system does this involve? Red and white blood cells • What do bones store that are important for the body? calcium, Iron, Energy, Hormones, Red and White Blood Cells

Skeletal System • What are ligaments? Tough bands of white, fibrous, slightly elastic tissue • What function do ligaments serve? Binding the bone ends together. • Why are joints important? (pg. 924) Joints permit bones to move without damaging to each other. • What is cartilage, and how is it different from bone? (pg. 922) Cartilage is a connective tissue. It is different from bone because cartilage does not contain blood vessels. • How often is your skeleton “replaced? ” Every 7 years • What is the hardest bone in the body? Jawbone

Muscular System • What is the primary function of the muscular system? Move and make us capable of actions by simply contracting and becoming shorter. • How does a muscle work? (pg. 928) A muscle contracts when the thin filaments in the muscle fiber slide over the thick filaments. • What other system is involved in a muscle contraction? Nervous • Muscles are made up of what organic molecule? Protein • What are tendons? Connective tissue that connects muscle to bone. • The action of the tendon can be compared to what simple machine? It acts as a lever.

Muscular System Muscle Type Function Description of Muscle Cell Smooth Non-voluntary movement found in stomach, blood vessels and intestines Spindle shaped, one nucleus Skeletal Voluntary movements such as typing, dancing, or winking Striations (stripes), many nuclei Cardiac Similar to smooth-involuntary movement found only in heart Striations, one nucleus

Lymphatic System • What is the lymphatic system? a network of vessels nodes and organs • What is the main function of the lymphatic system? to collect the fluid that is lost by the blood and return it back to the circulatory system • What is lymph? the fluid from the blood • What do lymph nodes filter out of our bodies? bacteria and other microorganisms that cause disease • Why do nodes become “swollen glands”? they become enlarged trapping large numbers of microorganisms • How is the lymphatic system connected to the digestive system? they absorb fats and fat-soluble vitamins from the digestive tract • How does the thymus in the lymphatic system assist the immune system? T cell lymphocytes mature in the thymus before they can function in the immune system • What is the function of the spleen? helps to cleanse the blood and remove damaged blood cells and has phagocytes that engulf microorganisms

Integumentary • In an average adult, how much does skin weigh? 4. 5 – 5 kg or 11 lbs. • What are some “appendages” of skin? Hair, nails sebaceous and sweat glands Function Protection/Barrier Protect Against Dehydration Cutaneous Sensation Blood Reservoir Excretion System Immune Excretory Nervous Circulatory Urinary

Integumentary Hair Epidermis Sebaceous Gland Dermis Sweat Gland

Integumentary Skin Part Epidermis Dermis Function Consists of dead cells, waterproof Contains nerve fibers sensory receptors, blood and lymphatic vessels as well as hair follicles, sebaceous and sweat glands. Hair Protect the scalp from injury, from sun rays and decrease heat loss Oil (Sebaceous) Gland Secrete oil, prevents excessive evaporation of water from skin, inhibits the growth of certain bacteria Sweat Gland Mixture of salts, antibodies and metabolic products. Prevents overheating-Regulates body temperature.