Human Body Disease DISEASE AND PATHOLOGY HS 20

Human Body & Disease DISEASE AND PATHOLOGY HS 20 -HB 2 INVESTIGATE THE EFFECTS OF VARIOUS INJURIES, DISORDERS AND DISEASES ON HUMAN CELLS, TISSUES, ORGANS AND SYSTEMS.

Indicators (what we’re learning) (a) Differentiate among the ways in which medical practitioners and the public use terms such as disease, illness, ailment, disorder, infection, medical condition, syndrome and abnormal condition. ((STSE, K) (b) Investigate how the immune system uses a layered defense to respond to pathogens, including the difference between the innate and adaptive immune system. (c) Research the symptoms, possible causes, stages and scope (e. g. , cells, tissues, organs and/or systems) of a pathology that affects one or more body systems. ((K) (d) Create a representation (e. g. , illness narrative, journal, timeline, story, video or diorama) of the progression of a specific pathology from the perspective of a real or hypothetical individual, including impacts on their lifestyle. ((K, A, S, STSE) (e) Outline the history of a disease or illness and its causes, including societal and cultural perspectives. ((K, A, S, STSE) (f) A, S) Compare prepared slides or digital images of healthy and diseased tissues to identify how pathologies affect cells. ((K, (g) Compare how bacteria (e. g. , Salmonella, Streptococcus, and Escherichia coli) and viruses (e. g. , common cold, influenza and herpes) differ in how they are transmitted, their impact on the human body and how each is treated. ((K) (h) Analyze the role of homeostasis in various phenomena such as regulation, heart rate, breathing, urination, sweating, digestion, body temperature, blood composition and stress.

Pathogens and Pathology ______ are any sort of disease/illness causing microorganism (virus, bacterium, etc). ______ is the study and diagnosis of disease using laboratory analysis (biopsies, autopsies, etc). Both of these involve looking at the impact disease has on our body’s cells, tissues and our ability to maintain homeostasis.

Pathogens and Pathology Pathogens are any sort of disease/illness causing microorganism (virus, bacterium, etc). Ex. Ebola virus, Salmonella, Influenza virus Concussion movie and Contact Sports Discussion Pathology is the study and diagnosis of disease using laboratory analysis (biopsies, autopsies, etc). Both of these involve looking at the impact disease has on our body’s cells, tissues and our ability to maintain homeostasis.

Immune System Investigate how the immune system uses a layered defense to respond to pathogens, including the difference between the innate and adaptive immune system. Crash Course Immune System It’s a three-part video! What stood out (3)?

Immune System Investigate how the immune system uses a layered defense to respond to pathogens, including the difference between the innate and adaptive immune system. Crash Course Immune System It’s a three-part video! What stood out (3)? Pus is dead neutrophil cells (shows you’re healing). Inflammation – is an increase in metabolic rate for faster healing. Icing an injury actual slows healing. NK Cells can kill our own damaged or altered tissues (like cancer cells).

Crash Course Immune System Part 2 What stood out from the video (3)?

Crash Course Immune System Part 2 What stood out from the video (3)? Babies get short term immunity from antigens in mother – but they don’t maintain it. Vaccines take a weakened form of the disease to help your body learn how to fight it.

Crash Course Immune System Part 2 What stood out from the video (3)? B cells – are antibodies that can identify, kill, and/or remember antigens that are invading our body.

Crash Course Immune System Part 3 What stood out from the video (3)?

Crash Course Immune System Part 3 What stood out from the video (3)? - when cells ingest foreign invaders they use/embed proteins from that invader onto their cell membranes to help other identify it. - these molecules on the immune cells help signal the production of more immune cells that may promote the growth of other immune cells - T Cells (helper and cytotoxic) are integral to the adaptive immune cells - MS and Type 1 Diabetes are actually autoimmune disorders in which our own bodies attack the cells in our neurons (MS) or pancreas (Diabetes).

Innate vs Adaptive Immunity INNATE - ADAPTIVE -

Innate vs Adaptive Immunity INNATE - short-term/constantly active form of pathogendefence - Includes skin cells and phagocytes that attack and destroy foreign bodies. - Includes pus as a waste product! ADAPTIVE - provides long-lasting immunity for organism. - involves memory cells that build antibodies to fight specific pathogens. - takes longer to build and activate. - involves vaccinations/immunizations.

Bacteria g. Compare how bacteria (e. g. , Salmonella, Streptococcus, and Escherichia coli) and viruses (e. g. , common cold, influenza, and herpes) differ in how they are transmitted, their impact on the human body, and how each is treated. (K) What are probiotics? Bacteria isn’t all bad! Our body is home to more bacterial cells than human cells (human cells are bigger, but still). They can be found on our

Bacteria g. Compare how bacteria (e. g. , Salmonella, Streptococcus, and Escherichia coli) and viruses (e. g. , common cold, influenza, and herpes) differ in how they are transmitted, their impact on the human body, and how each is treated. (K) What are probiotics? “a microorganism introduced into the body for its beneficial qualities. ” Bacteria isn’t all bad! Our body is home to more bacterial cells than human cells (human cells are bigger, but still). They can be found on our skin, stomach, mouth, toes, everywhere!

Bacteria g. Compare how bacteria (e. g. , Salmonella, Streptococcus, and Escherichia coli) and viruses (e. g. , common cold, influenza, and herpes) differ in how they are transmitted, their impact on the human body, and how each is treated. (K) How are they transmitted? Impact on the body? How is each treated? Examples:

Bacteria-Cultures and Kissing g. Compare how bacteria (e. g. , Salmonella, Streptococcus, and Escherichia coli) and viruses (e. g. , common cold, influenza, and herpes) differ in how they are transmitted, their impact on the human body, and how each is treated. (K) How are they transmitted? Contact with others, can be found on/in food, surfaces (living and non-living), can be found in liquids that have a variety of contents. Impact on the body? Typically isolated to a particular location – many food-related bacteria cause upset stomach (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea). How is each treated? Antibiotics kill bacteria Examples: E. coli, Salmonella, Yersinia pestis, Tuberculosis

Bacteria g. Compare how bacteria (e. g. , Salmonella, Streptococcus, and Escherichia coli) and viruses (e. g. , common cold, influenza, and herpes) differ in how they are transmitted, their impact on the human body, and how each is treated. (K) How are they transmitted? Transmission – process of microorganisms transferring from one individual to another. Typically through liquid exchange or contact. Can exist outside of living hosts. (Countertops, in our food, it’s everywhere etc. ) Impact on the body? Range of symptoms – Localized to a specific location and therefore is targeted specifically with medications/antibiotics. How is each treated? Antibiotics – drugs that kill the bacterial cell. Examples: Salmonella Streptococcus Escherichia coli (E coli) Tuberculosis Yersinia pestis

Virus g. Compare how bacteria (e. g. , Salmonella, Streptococcus, and Escherichia coli) and viruses (e. g. , common cold, influenza, and herpes) differ in how they are transmitted, their impact on the human body, and how each is treated. (K) How are they transmitted? Impact on the body? How is each treated? Examples:

Virus g. Compare how bacteria (e. g. , Salmonella, Streptococcus, and Escherichia coli) and viruses (e. g. , common cold, influenza, and herpes) differ in how they are transmitted, their impact on the human body, and how each is treated. (K) How are they transmitted? Transmission – process of transferring from one individual to another. Typically via some form of liquid or contact with other individuals. Need a living host to exist in. Impact on the body? Some cannot be cured, live in and throughout your body indefinitely. How is each treated? Viruses typically require rest as your body needs to develop antibodies to combat it, antibiotics will not work. Vaccines – teach your body to fight them before you get the legit one! Examples: Influenza, HIV

Bacteria vs Viruses – What’s the difference? Transmission Differences? Impact differences? Treatment differences?

Bacteria vs Viruses – What’s the difference? Transmission Differences? Bacteria can live and be transmitted from many surfaces (humans, food or objects). Virus has to go from living thing (host) to living thing (host). Impact differences? Bacteria attack a particular area of your body. Virus infects your whole body. Both can have similar symptoms, however. Treatment differences? Bacteria are treated with antibiotics. (combat/solution after you have it) Viruses are (pre)treated with vaccines. (preventative)

Anti-Vaccination Critically analyze information available regarding vaccinations §Look up claims associated with the anti-vaxxer movement (opposed to vaccinations) as well as pro-vaccination groups. §What’s the evidence regarding the claims? §What responsibilities does this leave us with as social media users? §Where’s the line between being critical, biased, and believing in something?

Describing Pathologies Differentiate among the ways in which medical practitioners and the public use terms such as disease, illness, ailment, disorder, infection, medical condition, syndrome and abnormal condition. ((STSE, K) §What do these words mean? (Include example) Disease: Illness: Ailment: Disorder:

Describing Pathologies Differentiate among the ways in which medical practitioners and the public use terms such as disease, illness, ailment, disorder, infection, medical condition, syndrome and abnormal condition. ((STSE, K) §What do these words mean? (Include example) Disease: a condition that results in the disorder of the structure or function of an organism not due to external injury. Illness: a condition that prevents your body or mind from working normally. Ailment: a disorder or illness, but minor or chronic in nature. Disorder: a disturbance that affects the function of the body.

Describing Pathologies Differentiate among the ways in which medical practitioners and the public use terms such as disease, illness, ailment, disorder, infection, medical condition, syndrome and abnormal condition. ((STSE, K) §What do these words mean? (Include example) Infection: Medical Condition: Syndrome: Abnormal Condition:

Describing Pathologies Differentiate among the ways in which medical practitioners and the public use terms such as disease, illness, ailment, disorder, infection, medical condition, syndrome and abnormal condition. ((STSE, K) §What do these words mean? (Include example) Infection: invasion of body tissue by pathogens. Medical Condition: specific symptoms identified prior to a disease/disorder diagnosis. Syndrome: a group of symptoms that typically occur together Abnormal Condition: observations that are indicative of atypical function of the body prior to a diagnosis

Suffixes Related to Pathology Additional terms are used in describing disease. -algia means pain -dynia also means pain -itis inflammation -malacia abnormal softening -megaly enlargement -necrosis tissue death -sclerosis hardening -stenosis narrowing

Suffixes Related to Procedures -centesis surgical puncture -ectomy surgical removal; excision -graphy process of recording or record -gram record or picture -plasty surgical repair; plastic repair -scopy visual examination -ostomy create an opening -otomy cut into; incision

Researching Disease: Assignment! You are asked to look into a disease (see next page). Options c. Research the symptoms, possible causes, stages, scope (e. g. , cells, tissues, organs and/or systems) and prevention of a pathology that affects one or more body systems. (K) d. Create a representation (e. g. , illness narrative, journal, timeline, story, video, or diorama) of the progression of a pathology from the perspective of a real or hypothetical individual, including impacts on their lifestyle. (K, A, S, STSE) e. Outline the history of a disease or illness and its causes, including societal and cultural perspectives. (K, A, S, STSE)

Researching Disease Research the symptoms, possible causes, stages and scope (e. g. , cells, tissues, organs and/or systems) of a pathology that affects one or more body systems. ((K) Disease/Illness Name: Symptoms: Causes: Stages: Scope (how it affects cells, tissues, organs and/or systems): Body System(s) it affects the most: If able, find an example of diseased vs healthy tissue. Appendicitis Dull progressing to sharp pain in the abdomen. Diarrhea, vomiting, etc. Blockage of appendix (stool) – infection – inflammation. Dull pain in abdomen. Progression of more and more symptoms over time. Prolonged blockage can lead to cell and tissue death and sepsis. Digestive System

Researching Disease Research the symptoms, possible causes, stages and scope (e. g. , cells, tissues, organs and/or systems) of a pathology that affects one or more body systems. ((K) Disease/Illness Name: Symptoms: Causes: Stages: Scope (how it affects cells, tissues, organs and/or systems): Body System(s) it affects the most: If able, find an example of diseased vs healthy tissue.

Wider Effects of Disease: Journal Entry* Consider someone you know who went through/still deals with a disease. §How did it affect others? §How do you think it affected them? (Their thoughts, lifestyle and behaviours)? §What about societal perceptions of the disease? Are there negative views or associations of it? Was it always viewed this way? §Did their lifestyle choices influence this condition?