Human Biology The Human Body The Body as
Human Biology The Human Body
The Body as a Whole… n n n Your body is busy working 24/7 Blood is pumped through vessels by your heart… Air is pushed in and out of your body by your lungs…
The Body as a Whole… n n Your intestines are giving off chemicals that break food down… Nerves are sending out signals from your brain to all parts of your body
The Body as a Whole… n n Chemical messengers are regulating all kinds of processes These activities may seem quite differentand in many ways they are, but…
The Body as a Whole… n n They all have the same purpose: to delicately control the body’s internal environment. The human body’s internal environment must remain stable, or constant, even during extreme changes in its environment or activities of the body.
The Body as a Whole… n Homeostasis – stable internal environment. n AKA the process by which the body’s internal environment is kept stable in spite of changes in the external environment.
Levels of Organization…Cells n Cells: the basic unit of structure and function of all living things.
Levels of Organization…Cells n n Each cell of your body has its own job. For example: n Absorbing cells n Cells lining the small intestine absorb digested food and transport it to the bloodstream which delivers it to all parts of the body
Levels of Organization…Cells n More examples: n Assembly cells n These cells are responsible for putting together important chemical substances. For example, the pancreas contains a variety of assembly cells. Some produce enzymes and some produce hormones. n n Enzyme=chemicals that help break food down into simpler substances Hormones=chemical messengers that help to regulate certain activities of the body
Levels of Organization…Cells n More examples: n Cells for movement n For example, muscle cells n These cells are unlike any other cells in your body n They have the ability to contract, or shorten n This causes movement
Levels of Organization…Tissue n Tissues: a group of similar cells that perform the same function n There are 4 basic types of tissue in the human body n Muscle n Connective n Nerve n epithelial
Levels of Organization…Tissue n Muscle tissue n The only kind of tissue in the body that has the ability to contract, or shorten
Levels of Organization…Tissue n Types of muscle tissue: n n n One type causes your body to move by pulling on bones when it contracts Another type lines the walls of structures inside your body and moves food from your mouth to your stomach A third type is found only in your heart, and enables the heart to contract to pump blood
Levels of Organization…Tissue n Connective tissue n n n Provides support for your body and connects all of its parts Bone- provides structure and support Blood- carries food and oxygen to all cells of the body
Levels of Organization…Tissue n And fat- keeps the body warm, cushions internal structures from the shock of sudden blows, and also stores food
Levels of Organization…Tissue n Nerve tissue n n Carries messages back and forth between your brain, spinal cord, and every other part of your body Nerve messages can travel at speeds of up to 100 meters per sec
Levels of Organization…Tissue n Epithelial tissue n n n Forms a protective surface on the outside of your body One kind makes up your skin Another kind lines the cavities, or hollow spaces of the mouth, throat, ears, stomach and other body parts
Levels of Organization… Organs n Organs – different types of tissues combine to form organs n An organ is a group of different tissues with a specific job n For example: heart, stomach, brain, eye, skin, tongue
Levels of Organization…Organ Systems n Organ system – a group of organs that work together to perform a specific job n n Each system performs a special function for the body, yet no one system acts alone There are eleven organ systems of the human body
Human Body Organ Systems System Skeletal Muscular Function Protects, supports, allows movement, produces blood cells, and stores minerals Allows body movement and maintains posture
Human Body Organ Systems System Digestive Circulatory Function Breaks down food and absorbs nutrients Transports nutrients, wastes, and other materials and plays a role in the immune response
Human Body Organ Systems System Respiratory Excretory Function Exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide between blood and air Removes solid and liquid wastes
Human Body Organ Systems System Nervous Endocrine Function Detects sensation and controls most functions Plays a part in the regulation of metabolism, reproduction, and many other functions
Human Body Organ Systems System Reproductive Immune Function Performs reproduction and controls male and female functions and behaviors Controls the immune response and fights disease
Human Body Organ Systems System Function Integumentary Protects, regulates (skin) temperature, prevents water loss
Human Biology Review n n List the levels of organization in humans. What are the four basic types of human tissue? List the organ systems of the human body. Using any type of machine as an example, explain how each part of the machine works together with every other part so that the machine can do its job. Compare this with the way the systems of the body work together.
Levels of Organization Review n The body as a whole n n The process by which the body’s internal environment is kept stable in spite of changes in the external environment is called homeostasis. Humans, like all living things, need energy to do work.
Human Biology Review n Levels of Organization n The levels of organization in a multicellular living thing include cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems Cells come in all shapes and sizes. Regardless of its job or shape, a cell works in harmony to keep the body alive Cells are the building blocks of living things
Human Biology Review n Levels of Organization, continued n n n A tissue is a group of similar cells that perform the same function There are four types of tissues in the human body: muscle, connective, nerve, epithelial Muscle tissue has the ability to contract, or shorten, allowing one type of muscle tissue to make the body move.
Human Biology Review n Levels of Organization, continued n n Another type of muscle tissue lines walls of internal structures of the body A third type of muscle tissue enables the heart to contract Connective tissue provides support for the body and connects its parts Nerve tissue carries messages back and forth between the brain and spinal cord and every other part of the body
Human Biology Review n Levels of Organization, continued n n n Epithelial tissue forms a protective surface on the outside of the body and lines its internal cavities An organ is a group of tissues with a specific function An organ system is a group of organs that work together to perform a specific job
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