Human Biology Sylvia S Mader Michael Windelspecht Chapter
Human Biology Sylvia S. Mader Michael Windelspecht Chapter 3 Cell Structure and Function Lecture Outline Part 1 Copyright © The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1
Cell Structure and Function 2
Points to ponder • What is a cell? • Why are most cells small? • What do prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have in common? • How are cells organized? • How do things move across the plasma membrane? • What is cellular respiration? 3
3. 1 What is a Cell? What does the cell theory tell us? • A ____ is the basic unit of life. • All _______ are made up of cells. • New cells arise from pre-existing cells. 4
3. 1 What is a Cell? Why are most cells small? • Consider the cell __________ ratio. – Small cells have a larger amount of _____ compared to the volume. – An increase in ______ allows for more nutrients to pass into the cell and wastes to exit the cell more efficiently. – There is a limit to how large a cell can be, and be an efficient and metabolically active cell. 5
3. 1 What is a Cell? Thinking about surface area-to-volume in a cell Copyright © The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Total surface area One 4 -cm cube 96 cm 3 Eight 2 -cm cubes 192 cm 3 Sixty-four 1 -cm cubes 384 cm 3 (height × width × number of sides × number of cubes) Total volume 64 cm 3 (height × width × length × number of cubes) Surface area: 1. 5: 1 3: 1 6: 1 Volume per cube (surface area÷volume) Figure 3. 2 Surface area-to-volume ratio limits cell size. 6
3. 1 What is a Cell? What are some common microscopes used to view cells? • Compound light microscope – Lower _______ – Uses light beams to view images – Can view _____ specimens 7
3. 1 What is a Cell? What are some common microscopes used to view cells? • Transmission electron microscope – _____image – Uses electrons to view ____ structure – High magnification, no live specimens 8
3. 1 What is a Cell? What are some common microscopes used to view cells? • Scanning electron microscope – _____ image – Uses electrons to view _______ structures – High magnification, no live specimens 9
3. 1 What is a Cell? Blood cells viewed with different microscopes Copyright © The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. red blood cells red blood cell blood vessel wall a. Light micrograph red blood cell blood vessel wall b. Transmission electron micrograph blood vessel wall c. Scanning electron micrograph a: © David M. Phillips/Visuals Unlimited; b: © Alfred Pasieka/ Photo Researchers; c: © 2013/Warren Rosenberg/ Biological Photo Service Figure 3. 3 Micrographs of human red blood cells. 10
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