Human Anatomy Physiology A Anatomy The study of

Human Anatomy & Physiology

A? Anatomy The study of structure of an organism Dissection is the principle technique used to isolate and study the structural components or parts of the body. Physiology The study of the function of the body (what parts do and how & P?

All living things… Move. � Self initiated change of position, movement of internal parts Respond. � Ability to sense changes within or to surroundings and react to them Grow. � Increase body size Reproduce. � Parents (or individual) create offspring Respire. � Obtain O 2 Digest. � Chemically breakdown food and getting rid of wastes Absorb. � Passage of food products through membranes and into body fluids Circulate. � Movements of substances through body Assimilate. � Changing of absorbed substances into chemically different ones Excrete. � Removal of wastes.

How can you remember all that? • Create a mental map! I am walking to Mcdonalds (movement) I stop at the traffic light (response) My body is growing (growth) I am breathing air (respiration) I get a hamburger and eat it (digestion) My body absorbs the hamburger (absorption) The hamburger circulates in my body (circulation) The hamburger is changed to things my body needs (assimilation) Eventually, I go to the bathroom (excretion) Someday I may reproduce (reproduction)

Cells? • the basic unit of a living that can perform all the processes associated with life. • vary in type and function.

Energy and Metabolism? Energy is the ability to do WORK! Energy can be obtained from the environment. Energy is needed for living things to grow, develop, and reproduce. Energy FLOWS in an ecosystem. It cannot be created nor destroyed, only changed in form. Metabolism �the chemical activities of building up or breaking down materials within an organism.

Stimulus and Response? • Stimulus - any change that occurs in the environment. • Response - a reaction to any change in the environment or “stimulus”.

Reproduction and Adaptation? Reproduction � process by which organisms give rise to offspring. Sexual reproduction � reproduction through the union of male and female gamete Asexual reproduction � reproduction in which a single individual copies its genetic material Adaptations �a character or structure that helps an organism live and reproduce successfully in it’s environment. �are developed through evolutionary processes. �Environmental stresses force adaptation or extripation of species.

Levels of Organization • You need to memorize this!!

Organ Systems

Organs & Organ Systems Organ System - groups of organs working together to perform special functions. Outer Protection Integumentary - protects the body from injury and invasion, serves as a chemical barrier, regulation of temperature, production of hormones, excretion, and sensory detection Support and Movement Skeletal - supports and protects body Muscular - provides support and motion Communication, Control, and Integration Nervous - sends messages throughout body, controls life functions, and responds to environment

• Endocrine - controls various body functions by releasing hormones directly into the blood stream Transportation and Defense • Digestive - breaks down food for energy • Circulatory - transports food and oxygen, removes waste • Respiratory - supplies oxygen and removes carbon dioxide • Excretory - remove waste

Directional Terms p. 13 http: //www. wisc-online. com/objects/View. Object. aspx? ID=AP 15305

Body Cavities

Body Parts & Regions p. 15

Body Parts & Regions p. 16

Subdivisions of the Abdomen p. 16

Planes of Section of the Body p. 17